Pandas.ipynb

{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/bear4o4/Python_First_Try/blob/main/Pandas.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PcSAw2NA-JTw"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Assignment 4 - Pandas\n",
        "\n",
        "In this assignment, you'll get to practice some of the concepts and skills regarding Pandas.\n",
        "As you go through this notebook, you will find a **???** in certain places. To complete this assignment, you must replace all the **???** with appropriate values, expressions or statements to ensure that the notebook runs properly end-to-end.\n",
        "\n",
        "Some things to keep in mind:\n",
        "\n",
        "* Make sure to run all the code cells, otherwise you may get errors like `NameError` for undefined variables.\n",
        "* Do not change variable names, delete cells or disturb other existing code. It may cause problems during evaluation.\n",
        "* In some cases, you may need to add some code cells or new statements before or after the line of code containing the **???**.\n",
        "* If there are some functions that you have not covered in your previous labs, It is your responsibility to search about that function on Google and understand the working of each function. This will help you to sharpen your problem solving skill.\n",
        "* There are two Optional questions at the end of this file. These are the bonus questions for this assignment. Try to solve these questions as they will cover up for any wrong solution of simple questions. This way you can still secure full marks even if the solution provided by you are wrong for maximum of 2 questions."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "S01b38ou-JT3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "9015b8d5-b4b2-42a0-96da-e6e0fc3edc03"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Requirement already satisfied: pandas in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (1.5.3)\n",
            "Collecting pandas\n",
            "  Downloading pandas-2.1.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (12.3 MB)\n",
            "\u001b[2K     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m12.3/12.3 MB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m81.7 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
            "\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: numpy<2,>=1.22.4 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from pandas) (1.23.5)\n",
            "Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from pandas) (2.8.2)\n",
            "Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from pandas) (2023.3.post1)\n",
            "Collecting tzdata>=2022.1 (from pandas)\n",
            "  Downloading tzdata-2023.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (341 kB)\n",
            "\u001b[2K     \u001b[90m━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━\u001b[0m \u001b[32m341.8/341.8 kB\u001b[0m \u001b[31m38.2 MB/s\u001b[0m eta \u001b[36m0:00:00\u001b[0m\n",
            "\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas) (1.16.0)\n",
            "Installing collected packages: tzdata, pandas\n",
            "  Attempting uninstall: pandas\n",
            "    Found existing installation: pandas 1.5.3\n",
            "    Uninstalling pandas-1.5.3:\n",
            "      Successfully uninstalled pandas-1.5.3\n",
            "\u001b[31mERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.\n",
            "lida 0.0.10 requires fastapi, which is not installed.\n",
            "lida 0.0.10 requires kaleido, which is not installed.\n",
            "lida 0.0.10 requires python-multipart, which is not installed.\n",
            "lida 0.0.10 requires uvicorn, which is not installed.\n",
            "google-colab 1.0.0 requires pandas==1.5.3, but you have pandas 2.1.3 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\u001b[31m\n",
            "\u001b[0mSuccessfully installed pandas-2.1.3 tzdata-2023.3\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# Run the next line to install Pandas\n",
        "!pip install pandas --upgrade"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xuBRWXYC-JT4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qgeuK6Lu-JT7"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's load the data from the CSV file into a Pandas data frame."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from urllib.request import urlretrieve\n",
        "\n",
        "urlretrieve('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/aakashns/28b2e504b3350afd9bdb157893f9725c/raw/994b65665757f4f8887db1c85986a897abb23d84/countries.csv',\n",
        "            'countries.csv')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "7ILD-QjUIcJy",
        "outputId": "bd6f4f93-10aa-4dfe-db31-6ac070b02777"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "('countries.csv', <http.client.HTTPMessage at 0x791016315750>)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ST5V-l6F-JT8"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "countries_df = pd.read_csv('countries.csv')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "uY2tvSBf-JT9",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 461
        },
        "outputId": "b9b4b30d-3ba4-4841-f73c-f974342b559e"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "           location continent  population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "0       Afghanistan      Asia  38928341.0            64.83   \n",
              "1           Albania    Europe   2877800.0            78.57   \n",
              "2           Algeria    Africa  43851043.0            76.88   \n",
              "3           Andorra    Europe     77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "4            Angola    Africa  32866268.0            61.15   \n",
              "..              ...       ...         ...              ...   \n",
              "205         Vietnam      Asia  97338583.0            75.40   \n",
              "206  Western Sahara    Africa    597330.0            70.26   \n",
              "207           Yemen      Asia  29825968.0            66.12   \n",
              "208          Zambia    Africa  18383956.0            63.89   \n",
              "209        Zimbabwe    Africa  14862927.0            61.49   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita  \n",
              "0                          0.50        1803.987  \n",
              "1                          2.89       11803.431  \n",
              "2                          1.90       13913.839  \n",
              "3                           NaN             NaN  \n",
              "4                           NaN        5819.495  \n",
              "..                          ...             ...  \n",
              "205                        2.60        6171.884  \n",
              "206                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "207                        0.70        1479.147  \n",
              "208                        2.00        3689.251  \n",
              "209                        1.70        1899.775  \n",
              "\n",
              "[210 rows x 6 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-85ae5eff-6e5e-4070-b29f-e6986bee21ed\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>38928341.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1803.987</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>2877800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>11803.431</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>43851043.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>13913.839</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>32866268.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>5819.495</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>205</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vietnam</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>97338583.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>6171.884</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>206</th>\n",
              "      <td>Western Sahara</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>597330.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70.26</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>207</th>\n",
              "      <td>Yemen</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>29825968.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>66.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1479.147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>208</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zambia</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>18383956.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>3689.251</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>209</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zimbabwe</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>14862927.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.49</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1899.775</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>210 rows × 6 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-85ae5eff-6e5e-4070-b29f-e6986bee21ed')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-85ae5eff-6e5e-4070-b29f-e6986bee21ed button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-85ae5eff-6e5e-4070-b29f-e6986bee21ed');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-5e7c9c01-a976-469b-9179-59afd439043b\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-5e7c9c01-a976-469b-9179-59afd439043b')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-5e7c9c01-a976-469b-9179-59afd439043b button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 5
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "countries_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lm-nsBkv-JT-"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q1: Retrieve the first 5 rows of the dataset.**\n",
        "\n",
        "Hint: Use the `.head` method."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Eo8BhYG4-JT_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "first_five_rows = countries_df.head(5)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-lCWz-Kh-JT_",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 226
        },
        "outputId": "729d7e00-8240-4544-ac93-541093eeb0c2"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "      location continent  population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "0  Afghanistan      Asia  38928341.0            64.83   \n",
              "1      Albania    Europe   2877800.0            78.57   \n",
              "2      Algeria    Africa  43851043.0            76.88   \n",
              "3      Andorra    Europe     77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "4       Angola    Africa  32866268.0            61.15   \n",
              "\n",
              "   hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita  \n",
              "0                        0.50        1803.987  \n",
              "1                        2.89       11803.431  \n",
              "2                        1.90       13913.839  \n",
              "3                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "4                         NaN        5819.495  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-35fa2d22-620d-4e8f-a8c7-532e56ab1656\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>38928341.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1803.987</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>2877800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>11803.431</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>43851043.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>13913.839</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>32866268.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>5819.495</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-35fa2d22-620d-4e8f-a8c7-532e56ab1656')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-35fa2d22-620d-4e8f-a8c7-532e56ab1656 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-35fa2d22-620d-4e8f-a8c7-532e56ab1656');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-f60e394d-9f98-4d91-b14b-b27bbc0089d9\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-f60e394d-9f98-4d91-b14b-b27bbc0089d9')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-f60e394d-9f98-4d91-b14b-b27bbc0089d9 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "first_five_rows"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HP13QtKo-JUA"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q2: Retrieve a list of locations from the dataframe?**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Use the `.unique` method of a series.*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "q8Xm49p9-JUA"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "countries_df=pd.read_csv('countries.csv')\n",
        "locations =countries_df['location'] .unique()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "cX9bIRmv-JUB",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "571ca385-a6be-4b04-a1e1-8414e0330b80"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "array(['Afghanistan', 'Albania', 'Algeria', 'Andorra', 'Angola',\n",
              "       'Anguilla', 'Antigua and Barbuda', 'Argentina', 'Armenia', 'Aruba',\n",
              "       'Australia', 'Austria', 'Azerbaijan', 'Bahamas', 'Bahrain',\n",
              "       'Bangladesh', 'Barbados', 'Belarus', 'Belgium', 'Belize', 'Benin',\n",
              "       'Bermuda', 'Bhutan', 'Bolivia', 'Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba',\n",
              "       'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Botswana', 'Brazil',\n",
              "       'British Virgin Islands', 'Brunei', 'Bulgaria', 'Burkina Faso',\n",
              "       'Burundi', 'Cambodia', 'Cameroon', 'Canada', 'Cape Verde',\n",
              "       'Cayman Islands', 'Central African Republic', 'Chad', 'Chile',\n",
              "       'China', 'Colombia', 'Comoros', 'Congo', 'Costa Rica',\n",
              "       \"Cote d'Ivoire\", 'Croatia', 'Cuba', 'Curacao', 'Cyprus',\n",
              "       'Czech Republic', 'Democratic Republic of Congo', 'Denmark',\n",
              "       'Djibouti', 'Dominica', 'Dominican Republic', 'Ecuador', 'Egypt',\n",
              "       'El Salvador', 'Equatorial Guinea', 'Eritrea', 'Estonia',\n",
              "       'Ethiopia', 'Faeroe Islands', 'Falkland Islands', 'Fiji',\n",
              "       'Finland', 'France', 'French Polynesia', 'Gabon', 'Gambia',\n",
              "       'Georgia', 'Germany', 'Ghana', 'Gibraltar', 'Greece', 'Greenland',\n",
              "       'Grenada', 'Guam', 'Guatemala', 'Guernsey', 'Guinea',\n",
              "       'Guinea-Bissau', 'Guyana', 'Haiti', 'Honduras', 'Hong Kong',\n",
              "       'Hungary', 'Iceland', 'India', 'Indonesia', 'Iran', 'Iraq',\n",
              "       'Ireland', 'Isle of Man', 'Israel', 'Italy', 'Jamaica', 'Japan',\n",
              "       'Jersey', 'Jordan', 'Kazakhstan', 'Kenya', 'Kosovo', 'Kuwait',\n",
              "       'Kyrgyzstan', 'Laos', 'Latvia', 'Lebanon', 'Lesotho', 'Liberia',\n",
              "       'Libya', 'Liechtenstein', 'Lithuania', 'Luxembourg', 'Macedonia',\n",
              "       'Madagascar', 'Malawi', 'Malaysia', 'Maldives', 'Mali', 'Malta',\n",
              "       'Mauritania', 'Mauritius', 'Mexico', 'Moldova', 'Monaco',\n",
              "       'Mongolia', 'Montenegro', 'Montserrat', 'Morocco', 'Mozambique',\n",
              "       'Myanmar', 'Namibia', 'Nepal', 'Netherlands', 'New Caledonia',\n",
              "       'New Zealand', 'Nicaragua', 'Niger', 'Nigeria',\n",
              "       'Northern Mariana Islands', 'Norway', 'Oman', 'Pakistan',\n",
              "       'Palestine', 'Panama', 'Papua New Guinea', 'Paraguay', 'Peru',\n",
              "       'Philippines', 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'Puerto Rico', 'Qatar',\n",
              "       'Romania', 'Russia', 'Rwanda', 'Saint Kitts and Nevis',\n",
              "       'Saint Lucia', 'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines', 'San Marino',\n",
              "       'Sao Tome and Principe', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Senegal', 'Serbia',\n",
              "       'Seychelles', 'Sierra Leone', 'Singapore',\n",
              "       'Sint Maarten (Dutch part)', 'Slovakia', 'Slovenia', 'Somalia',\n",
              "       'South Africa', 'South Korea', 'South Sudan', 'Spain', 'Sri Lanka',\n",
              "       'Sudan', 'Suriname', 'Swaziland', 'Sweden', 'Switzerland', 'Syria',\n",
              "       'Taiwan', 'Tajikistan', 'Tanzania', 'Thailand', 'Timor', 'Togo',\n",
              "       'Trinidad and Tobago', 'Tunisia', 'Turkey',\n",
              "       'Turks and Caicos Islands', 'Uganda', 'Ukraine',\n",
              "       'United Arab Emirates', 'United Kingdom', 'United States',\n",
              "       'United States Virgin Islands', 'Uruguay', 'Uzbekistan', 'Vatican',\n",
              "       'Venezuela', 'Vietnam', 'Western Sahara', 'Yemen', 'Zambia',\n",
              "       'Zimbabwe'], dtype=object)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 18
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "locations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fUs7XMhG-JUB"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q3: What is the average population of all the countries listed in this dataset?**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vhwlaz30-JUC"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "average_population = countries_df.population.mean()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "D5_DQGZS-JUC",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "d00a4d20-4ab4-4595-ca57-71c688183275"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "The average population is 36942762.\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print('The average population is {}.'.format(int(average_population)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "v32lo1pp-JUD"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q4: What is the median life expectancy across all locations?**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Median*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8c5fQTbS-JUE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "x=countries_df.life_expectancy.median()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6Ht7wZlE-JUE",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "0b8566a7-5480-4f60-c750-2394a3a2d644"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "The life expectancy is 75.\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print('The life expectancy is {}.'.format(int(x)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BgEGhuEe-JUE"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q5: Create a dataframe containing 10 countries with the lowest population.**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Use the `sort_values` and `head` methods.*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lwmd22gV-JUF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "least_populous_df = countries_df.sort_values(by='population').head(10)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XICgwy6t-JUF",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 521
        },
        "outputId": "12993e52-7f39-47df-9bc5-9e8613056f63"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                            location      continent  population  \\\n",
              "203                          Vatican         Europe       809.0   \n",
              "65                  Falkland Islands  South America      3483.0   \n",
              "130                       Montserrat  North America      4999.0   \n",
              "5                           Anguilla  North America     15002.0   \n",
              "24   Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba  North America     26221.0   \n",
              "28            British Virgin Islands  North America     30237.0   \n",
              "75                         Gibraltar         Europe     33691.0   \n",
              "162                       San Marino         Europe     33938.0   \n",
              "113                    Liechtenstein         Europe     38137.0   \n",
              "194         Turks and Caicos Islands  North America     38718.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     life_expectancy  hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita  \n",
              "203            75.12                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "65             81.44                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "130            74.16                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "5              81.88                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "24             77.79                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "28             79.07                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "75             79.93                         NaN             NaN  \n",
              "162            84.97                       3.800        56861.47  \n",
              "113            82.49                       2.397             NaN  \n",
              "194            80.22                         NaN             NaN  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-8d9e5c12-6f6e-426e-a1ab-7ae44c85ee24\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>203</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vatican</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>809.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>65</th>\n",
              "      <td>Falkland Islands</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>3483.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>81.44</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>130</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montserrat</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>4999.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>74.16</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Anguilla</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>15002.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>81.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>26221.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>77.79</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>British Virgin Islands</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>30237.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>79.07</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>75</th>\n",
              "      <td>Gibraltar</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>33691.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>79.93</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>162</th>\n",
              "      <td>San Marino</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>33938.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>84.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.800</td>\n",
              "      <td>56861.47</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>113</th>\n",
              "      <td>Liechtenstein</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>38137.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.397</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>194</th>\n",
              "      <td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>38718.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.22</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-8d9e5c12-6f6e-426e-a1ab-7ae44c85ee24')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-8d9e5c12-6f6e-426e-a1ab-7ae44c85ee24 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-8d9e5c12-6f6e-426e-a1ab-7ae44c85ee24');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-dfb600ff-9e66-4a65-935b-32ea4e4fbe7d\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-dfb600ff-9e66-4a65-935b-32ea4e4fbe7d')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-dfb600ff-9e66-4a65-935b-32ea4e4fbe7d button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 27
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "least_populous_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nO5QpR3Y-JUG"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q6: Add a new column in `countries_df` to record the overall GDP per country (product of population & per capita GDP).**\n",
        "\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jcwClIJS-JUG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "countries_df['gdp']  = countries_df['population'] * countries_df['gdp_per_capita']"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yHfEydeL-JUG",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 226
        },
        "outputId": "178cde0f-f692-4d86-d727-a4e489780691"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "      location continent  population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "0  Afghanistan      Asia  38928341.0            64.83   \n",
              "1      Albania    Europe   2877800.0            78.57   \n",
              "2      Algeria    Africa  43851043.0            76.88   \n",
              "3      Andorra    Europe     77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "4       Angola    Africa  32866268.0            61.15   \n",
              "\n",
              "   hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  \n",
              "0                        0.50        1803.987  7.022622e+10  \n",
              "1                        2.89       11803.431  3.396791e+10  \n",
              "2                        1.90       13913.839  6.101364e+11  \n",
              "3                         NaN             NaN           NaN  \n",
              "4                         NaN        5819.495  1.912651e+11  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-71aef32d-fd02-4fda-955f-d55504f57d79\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>38928341.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1803.987</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.022622e+10</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>2877800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>11803.431</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.396791e+10</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>43851043.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>13913.839</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.101364e+11</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>32866268.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>5819.495</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.912651e+11</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-71aef32d-fd02-4fda-955f-d55504f57d79')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-71aef32d-fd02-4fda-955f-d55504f57d79 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-71aef32d-fd02-4fda-955f-d55504f57d79');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-666008d3-1152-4f30-9094-01513e067324\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-666008d3-1152-4f30-9094-01513e067324')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-666008d3-1152-4f30-9094-01513e067324 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 29
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "countries_df.head()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lNxbdFsB-JUJ"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q7: Create a data frame showing the total population of each continent.**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Use `groupby`, select the population column and aggregate using `sum`.*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GwYRwbI_-JUJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "continent_populations_df =countries_df.groupby('continent')['population'].sum().reset_index()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3XB2ufqh-JUJ",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 237
        },
        "outputId": "d0c63f6a-19cd-4983-90db-7f0928fc374a"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       continent    population\n",
              "0         Africa  1.339424e+09\n",
              "1           Asia  4.607388e+09\n",
              "2         Europe  7.485062e+08\n",
              "3  North America  5.912425e+08\n",
              "4        Oceania  4.095832e+07\n",
              "5  South America  4.304611e+08"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-c44863dc-c80f-41cb-8a56-022b89d1776a\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.339424e+09</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.607388e+09</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.485062e+08</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.912425e+08</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oceania</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.095832e+07</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.304611e+08</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-c44863dc-c80f-41cb-8a56-022b89d1776a')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-c44863dc-c80f-41cb-8a56-022b89d1776a button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-c44863dc-c80f-41cb-8a56-022b89d1776a');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-37bf8494-cb5d-4740-8ae0-3270796fa2bc\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-37bf8494-cb5d-4740-8ae0-3270796fa2bc')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-37bf8494-cb5d-4740-8ae0-3270796fa2bc button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 31
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "continent_populations_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nLVT-L4F-JUK"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's download another CSV file containing overall Covid-19 stats for various countires, and read the data into another Pandas data frame."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1wAiR6sL-JUK",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "e77baa97-e5d9-4223-c0df-caa322e34b62"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "('covid-countries-data.csv', <http.client.HTTPMessage at 0x7910132ffb80>)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 32
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "urlretrieve('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/aakashns/b2a968a6cfd9fbbb0ff3d6bd0f26262b/raw/b115ed1dfa17f10fc88bf966236cd4d9032f1df8/covid-countries-data.csv',\n",
        "            'covid-countries-data.csv')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Fa76R6LP-JUK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "covid_data_df = pd.read_csv('covid-countries-data.csv')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "scrolled": true,
        "id": "k4YjBTL1-JUL",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "outputId": "f252aa50-82fa-4b9f-b560-95947d0479a0"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "           location  total_cases  total_deaths  total_tests\n",
              "0       Afghanistan      38243.0        1409.0          NaN\n",
              "1           Albania       9728.0         296.0          NaN\n",
              "2           Algeria      45158.0        1525.0          NaN\n",
              "3           Andorra       1199.0          53.0          NaN\n",
              "4            Angola       2729.0         109.0          NaN\n",
              "..              ...          ...           ...          ...\n",
              "207  Western Sahara        766.0           1.0          NaN\n",
              "208           World   26059065.0      863535.0          NaN\n",
              "209           Yemen       1976.0         571.0          NaN\n",
              "210          Zambia      12415.0         292.0          NaN\n",
              "211        Zimbabwe       6638.0         206.0      97272.0\n",
              "\n",
              "[212 rows x 4 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-78b9b0ac-bec5-4d4a-b95a-d431fe03c3fe\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>38243.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1409.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>9728.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>296.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>45158.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>1199.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>2729.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>207</th>\n",
              "      <td>Western Sahara</td>\n",
              "      <td>766.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>208</th>\n",
              "      <td>World</td>\n",
              "      <td>26059065.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>863535.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>209</th>\n",
              "      <td>Yemen</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>571.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>210</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zambia</td>\n",
              "      <td>12415.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>292.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>211</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zimbabwe</td>\n",
              "      <td>6638.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>206.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>97272.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>212 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-78b9b0ac-bec5-4d4a-b95a-d431fe03c3fe')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-78b9b0ac-bec5-4d4a-b95a-d431fe03c3fe button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-78b9b0ac-bec5-4d4a-b95a-d431fe03c3fe');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-332a79d7-25aa-4534-b580-e278501b92a8\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-332a79d7-25aa-4534-b580-e278501b92a8')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-332a79d7-25aa-4534-b580-e278501b92a8 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 34
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "covid_data_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "w3Mwk_FJ-JUL"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q8: Count the number of countries for which the `total_tests` data is missing.**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Use the `.isna` method.*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fCfrEjeI-JUL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "total_tests_missing = covid_data_df ['total_tests'].isna().sum()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BtivA-tl-JUL",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "148aba13-3518-44c0-b0b2-e0e31bc1764d"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "The data for total tests is missing for 122 countries.\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(\"The data for total tests is missing for {} countries.\".format(int(total_tests_missing)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "e_X74qNd-JUL"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's merge the two data frames, and compute some more metrics.\n",
        "\n",
        "**Q9: Merge `countries_df` with `covid_data_df` on the `location` column.**\n",
        "\n",
        "*Hint: Use the `.merge` method on `countries_df`."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tNYLoYIT-JUN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "combined_df =  countries_df.merge(covid_data_df, on='location')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3gFA3Leo-JUN",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 461
        },
        "outputId": "7d75bf63-f114-4822-f395-e4acd141873b"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "           location continent  population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "0       Afghanistan      Asia  38928341.0            64.83   \n",
              "1           Albania    Europe   2877800.0            78.57   \n",
              "2           Algeria    Africa  43851043.0            76.88   \n",
              "3           Andorra    Europe     77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "4            Angola    Africa  32866268.0            61.15   \n",
              "..              ...       ...         ...              ...   \n",
              "205         Vietnam      Asia  97338583.0            75.40   \n",
              "206  Western Sahara    Africa    597330.0            70.26   \n",
              "207           Yemen      Asia  29825968.0            66.12   \n",
              "208          Zambia    Africa  18383956.0            63.89   \n",
              "209        Zimbabwe    Africa  14862927.0            61.49   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  total_cases  \\\n",
              "0                          0.50        1803.987  7.022622e+10      38243.0   \n",
              "1                          2.89       11803.431  3.396791e+10       9728.0   \n",
              "2                          1.90       13913.839  6.101364e+11      45158.0   \n",
              "3                           NaN             NaN           NaN       1199.0   \n",
              "4                           NaN        5819.495  1.912651e+11       2729.0   \n",
              "..                          ...             ...           ...          ...   \n",
              "205                        2.60        6171.884  6.007624e+11       1046.0   \n",
              "206                         NaN             NaN           NaN        766.0   \n",
              "207                        0.70        1479.147  4.411699e+10       1976.0   \n",
              "208                        2.00        3689.251  6.782303e+10      12415.0   \n",
              "209                        1.70        1899.775  2.823622e+10       6638.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     total_deaths  total_tests  \n",
              "0          1409.0          NaN  \n",
              "1           296.0          NaN  \n",
              "2          1525.0          NaN  \n",
              "3            53.0          NaN  \n",
              "4           109.0          NaN  \n",
              "..            ...          ...  \n",
              "205          35.0     261004.0  \n",
              "206           1.0          NaN  \n",
              "207         571.0          NaN  \n",
              "208         292.0          NaN  \n",
              "209         206.0      97272.0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[210 rows x 10 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-7e7a93fe-6016-4d52-83d9-44bd15f9ccc5\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>38928341.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1803.987</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.022622e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>38243.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1409.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>2877800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>11803.431</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.396791e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>9728.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>296.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>43851043.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>13913.839</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.101364e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>45158.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1199.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>32866268.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>5819.495</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.912651e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>2729.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>205</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vietnam</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>97338583.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>6171.884</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.007624e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>1046.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>261004.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>206</th>\n",
              "      <td>Western Sahara</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>597330.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70.26</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>766.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>207</th>\n",
              "      <td>Yemen</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>29825968.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>66.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1479.147</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.411699e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>571.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>208</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zambia</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>18383956.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>3689.251</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.782303e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>12415.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>292.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>209</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zimbabwe</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>14862927.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.49</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1899.775</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.823622e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>6638.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>206.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>97272.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>210 rows × 10 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-7e7a93fe-6016-4d52-83d9-44bd15f9ccc5')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-7e7a93fe-6016-4d52-83d9-44bd15f9ccc5 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-7e7a93fe-6016-4d52-83d9-44bd15f9ccc5');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-8e44b153-8d5a-4180-ad46-ed2c884c1f0f\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-8e44b153-8d5a-4180-ad46-ed2c884c1f0f')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-8e44b153-8d5a-4180-ad46-ed2c884c1f0f button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 39
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "combined_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8wEO8uhq-JUN"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q10: Add columns `tests_per_million`, `cases_per_million` and `deaths_per_million` into `combined_df`.**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "h3-C9vzh-JUN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "combined_df['tests_per_million'] = combined_df['total_tests'] * 1e6 / combined_df['population']"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-d3d5lU5-JUN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "combined_df['cases_per_million'] = combined_df['total_cases'] / (combined_df['population'] / 1_000_000)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "A8lyGc7Y-JUN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "combined_df['deaths_per_million'] = combined_df['total_deaths'] / (combined_df['population'] / 1_000_000)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FAEcJwor-JUN",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 461
        },
        "outputId": "7467ba55-3246-4ff5-d972-b3feebdc67d2"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "           location continent  population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "0       Afghanistan      Asia  38928341.0            64.83   \n",
              "1           Albania    Europe   2877800.0            78.57   \n",
              "2           Algeria    Africa  43851043.0            76.88   \n",
              "3           Andorra    Europe     77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "4            Angola    Africa  32866268.0            61.15   \n",
              "..              ...       ...         ...              ...   \n",
              "205         Vietnam      Asia  97338583.0            75.40   \n",
              "206  Western Sahara    Africa    597330.0            70.26   \n",
              "207           Yemen      Asia  29825968.0            66.12   \n",
              "208          Zambia    Africa  18383956.0            63.89   \n",
              "209        Zimbabwe    Africa  14862927.0            61.49   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  total_cases  \\\n",
              "0                          0.50        1803.987  7.022622e+10      38243.0   \n",
              "1                          2.89       11803.431  3.396791e+10       9728.0   \n",
              "2                          1.90       13913.839  6.101364e+11      45158.0   \n",
              "3                           NaN             NaN           NaN       1199.0   \n",
              "4                           NaN        5819.495  1.912651e+11       2729.0   \n",
              "..                          ...             ...           ...          ...   \n",
              "205                        2.60        6171.884  6.007624e+11       1046.0   \n",
              "206                         NaN             NaN           NaN        766.0   \n",
              "207                        0.70        1479.147  4.411699e+10       1976.0   \n",
              "208                        2.00        3689.251  6.782303e+10      12415.0   \n",
              "209                        1.70        1899.775  2.823622e+10       6638.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     total_deaths  total_tests  tests_per_million  cases_per_million  \\\n",
              "0          1409.0          NaN                NaN         982.394806   \n",
              "1           296.0          NaN                NaN        3380.359997   \n",
              "2          1525.0          NaN                NaN        1029.804468   \n",
              "3            53.0          NaN                NaN       15518.022390   \n",
              "4           109.0          NaN                NaN          83.033462   \n",
              "..            ...          ...                ...                ...   \n",
              "205          35.0     261004.0        2681.403324          10.745996   \n",
              "206           1.0          NaN                NaN        1282.373228   \n",
              "207         571.0          NaN                NaN          66.250993   \n",
              "208         292.0          NaN                NaN         675.317108   \n",
              "209         206.0      97272.0        6544.605918         446.614587   \n",
              "\n",
              "     deaths_per_million  \n",
              "0             36.194710  \n",
              "1            102.856349  \n",
              "2             34.776824  \n",
              "3            685.950948  \n",
              "4              3.316470  \n",
              "..                  ...  \n",
              "205            0.359570  \n",
              "206            1.674116  \n",
              "207           19.144391  \n",
              "208           15.883415  \n",
              "209           13.859989  \n",
              "\n",
              "[210 rows x 13 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-3e66d4c5-68d1-43e6-96b3-8319f44e9152\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "      <th>tests_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>cases_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>deaths_per_million</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>38928341.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>64.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1803.987</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.022622e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>38243.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1409.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>982.394806</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.194710</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>2877800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>11803.431</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.396791e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>9728.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>296.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>3380.359997</td>\n",
              "      <td>102.856349</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Algeria</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>43851043.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>13913.839</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.101364e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>45158.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1029.804468</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.776824</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1199.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>15518.022390</td>\n",
              "      <td>685.950948</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Angola</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>32866268.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>5819.495</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.912651e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>2729.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.033462</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.316470</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>205</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vietnam</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>97338583.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>6171.884</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.007624e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>1046.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>261004.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2681.403324</td>\n",
              "      <td>10.745996</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.359570</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>206</th>\n",
              "      <td>Western Sahara</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>597330.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70.26</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>766.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1282.373228</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.674116</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>207</th>\n",
              "      <td>Yemen</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>29825968.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>66.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1479.147</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.411699e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>571.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>66.250993</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.144391</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>208</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zambia</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>18383956.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63.89</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>3689.251</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.782303e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>12415.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>292.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>675.317108</td>\n",
              "      <td>15.883415</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>209</th>\n",
              "      <td>Zimbabwe</td>\n",
              "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
              "      <td>14862927.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61.49</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1899.775</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.823622e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>6638.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>206.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>97272.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>6544.605918</td>\n",
              "      <td>446.614587</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.859989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>210 rows × 13 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-3e66d4c5-68d1-43e6-96b3-8319f44e9152')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-3e66d4c5-68d1-43e6-96b3-8319f44e9152 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-3e66d4c5-68d1-43e6-96b3-8319f44e9152');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-5bc4411d-4bb9-4a56-9e0c-6d466d276e93\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-5bc4411d-4bb9-4a56-9e0c-6d466d276e93')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-5bc4411d-4bb9-4a56-9e0c-6d466d276e93 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 44
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "combined_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OLzzuNl5-JUO"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q11: Create a dataframe with 10 countires that have highest number of tests per million people.**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "h91_icig-JUO"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "highest_tests_df = combined_df.nlargest(10, 'tests_per_million')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "O5h3uEr4-JUO",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 417
        },
        "outputId": "ad63c21d-d1eb-40c4-d9e9-1bbcd26c9e96"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                 location      continent   population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "197  United Arab Emirates           Asia    9890400.0            77.97   \n",
              "14                Bahrain           Asia    1701583.0            77.29   \n",
              "115            Luxembourg         Europe     625976.0            82.25   \n",
              "122                 Malta         Europe     441539.0            82.53   \n",
              "53                Denmark         Europe    5792203.0            80.90   \n",
              "96                 Israel           Asia    8655541.0            82.97   \n",
              "89                Iceland         Europe     341250.0            82.99   \n",
              "157                Russia         Europe  145934460.0            72.58   \n",
              "199         United States  North America  331002647.0            78.86   \n",
              "10              Australia        Oceania   25499881.0            83.44   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  total_cases  \\\n",
              "197                       1.200       67293.483  6.655595e+11      71540.0   \n",
              "14                        2.000       43290.705  7.366273e+10      52440.0   \n",
              "115                       4.510       94277.965  5.901574e+10       7928.0   \n",
              "122                       4.485       36513.323  1.612206e+10       1931.0   \n",
              "53                        2.500       46682.515  2.703946e+11      17195.0   \n",
              "96                        2.990       33132.320  2.867782e+11     122539.0   \n",
              "89                        2.910       46482.958  1.586231e+10       2121.0   \n",
              "157                       8.050       24765.954  3.614206e+12    1005000.0   \n",
              "199                       2.770       54225.446  1.794877e+13    6114406.0   \n",
              "10                        3.840       44648.710  1.138537e+12      25923.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     total_deaths  total_tests  tests_per_million  cases_per_million  \\\n",
              "197         387.0    7177430.0      725696.635121        7233.276713   \n",
              "14          190.0    1118837.0      657527.137965       30818.361490   \n",
              "115         124.0     385820.0      616349.508607       12665.022301   \n",
              "122          13.0     188539.0      427004.183096        4373.339614   \n",
              "53          626.0    2447911.0      422621.755488        2968.645954   \n",
              "96          969.0    2353984.0      271962.665303       14157.289533   \n",
              "89           10.0      88829.0      260304.761905        6215.384615   \n",
              "157       17414.0   37176827.0      254750.159763        6886.653091   \n",
              "199      185744.0   83898416.0      253467.507769       18472.377957   \n",
              "10          663.0    6255797.0      245326.517406        1016.592979   \n",
              "\n",
              "     deaths_per_million  \n",
              "197           39.128852  \n",
              "14           111.660730  \n",
              "115          198.090662  \n",
              "122           29.442473  \n",
              "53           108.076323  \n",
              "96           111.951408  \n",
              "89            29.304029  \n",
              "157          119.327539  \n",
              "199          561.155633  \n",
              "10            26.000121  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-d8c18638-af70-409e-bdc3-99c8f2036a35\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "      <th>tests_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>cases_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>deaths_per_million</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>197</th>\n",
              "      <td>United Arab Emirates</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>9890400.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>77.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.200</td>\n",
              "      <td>67293.483</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.655595e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>71540.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>387.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>7177430.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>725696.635121</td>\n",
              "      <td>7233.276713</td>\n",
              "      <td>39.128852</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahrain</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>1701583.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>77.29</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.000</td>\n",
              "      <td>43290.705</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.366273e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>52440.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1118837.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>657527.137965</td>\n",
              "      <td>30818.361490</td>\n",
              "      <td>111.660730</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>115</th>\n",
              "      <td>Luxembourg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>625976.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.25</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.510</td>\n",
              "      <td>94277.965</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.901574e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>7928.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>385820.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>616349.508607</td>\n",
              "      <td>12665.022301</td>\n",
              "      <td>198.090662</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>122</th>\n",
              "      <td>Malta</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>441539.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.53</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.485</td>\n",
              "      <td>36513.323</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.612206e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>1931.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>188539.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>427004.183096</td>\n",
              "      <td>4373.339614</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.442473</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>53</th>\n",
              "      <td>Denmark</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>5792203.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.500</td>\n",
              "      <td>46682.515</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.703946e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>17195.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>626.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2447911.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>422621.755488</td>\n",
              "      <td>2968.645954</td>\n",
              "      <td>108.076323</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>96</th>\n",
              "      <td>Israel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>8655541.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.990</td>\n",
              "      <td>33132.320</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.867782e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>122539.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>969.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2353984.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>271962.665303</td>\n",
              "      <td>14157.289533</td>\n",
              "      <td>111.951408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>89</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iceland</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>341250.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.99</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.910</td>\n",
              "      <td>46482.958</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.586231e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>2121.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>88829.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260304.761905</td>\n",
              "      <td>6215.384615</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.304029</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>157</th>\n",
              "      <td>Russia</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>145934460.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>72.58</td>\n",
              "      <td>8.050</td>\n",
              "      <td>24765.954</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.614206e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>1005000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>17414.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>37176827.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>254750.159763</td>\n",
              "      <td>6886.653091</td>\n",
              "      <td>119.327539</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>199</th>\n",
              "      <td>United States</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>331002647.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.86</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.770</td>\n",
              "      <td>54225.446</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.794877e+13</td>\n",
              "      <td>6114406.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>185744.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83898416.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>253467.507769</td>\n",
              "      <td>18472.377957</td>\n",
              "      <td>561.155633</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
              "      <td>Oceania</td>\n",
              "      <td>25499881.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.44</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.840</td>\n",
              "      <td>44648.710</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.138537e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>25923.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>663.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>6255797.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>245326.517406</td>\n",
              "      <td>1016.592979</td>\n",
              "      <td>26.000121</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-d8c18638-af70-409e-bdc3-99c8f2036a35')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-d8c18638-af70-409e-bdc3-99c8f2036a35 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-d8c18638-af70-409e-bdc3-99c8f2036a35');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-710070aa-22ba-402a-a223-12c9580c9be2\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-710070aa-22ba-402a-a223-12c9580c9be2')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-710070aa-22ba-402a-a223-12c9580c9be2 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 46
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "highest_tests_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "uYoutAdb-JUP"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q12: Create a dataframe with 10 countires that have highest number of positive cases per million people.**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W7ITHi_x-JUP"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "highest_cases_df = combined_df.nlargest(10, 'cases_per_million')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BLdNb1L8-JUP",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 504
        },
        "outputId": "9c1bd118-1040-4102-98b3-1d8da5c0f9e7"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "          location      continent   population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "155          Qatar           Asia    2881060.0            80.23   \n",
              "14         Bahrain           Asia    1701583.0            77.29   \n",
              "147         Panama  North America    4314768.0            78.51   \n",
              "40           Chile  South America   19116209.0            80.18   \n",
              "162     San Marino         Europe      33938.0            84.97   \n",
              "9            Aruba  North America     106766.0            76.29   \n",
              "105         Kuwait           Asia    4270563.0            75.49   \n",
              "150           Peru  South America   32971846.0            76.74   \n",
              "27          Brazil  South America  212559409.0            75.88   \n",
              "199  United States  North America  331002647.0            78.86   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  total_cases  \\\n",
              "155                        1.20      116935.600  3.368985e+11     119206.0   \n",
              "14                         2.00       43290.705  7.366273e+10      52440.0   \n",
              "147                        2.30       22267.037  9.607710e+10      94084.0   \n",
              "40                         2.11       22767.037  4.352194e+11     414739.0   \n",
              "162                        3.80       56861.470  1.929765e+09        735.0   \n",
              "9                           NaN       35973.781  3.840777e+09       2211.0   \n",
              "105                        2.00       65530.537  2.798523e+11      86478.0   \n",
              "150                        1.60       12236.706  4.034668e+11     663437.0   \n",
              "27                         2.20       14103.452  2.997821e+12    3997865.0   \n",
              "199                        2.77       54225.446  1.794877e+13    6114406.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     total_deaths  total_tests  tests_per_million  cases_per_million  \\\n",
              "155         199.0     634745.0      220316.480740       41375.743650   \n",
              "14          190.0    1118837.0      657527.137965       30818.361490   \n",
              "147        2030.0     336345.0       77952.047480       21805.112117   \n",
              "40        11344.0    2458762.0      128621.841287       21695.671982   \n",
              "162          42.0          NaN                NaN       21657.139490   \n",
              "9            12.0          NaN                NaN       20708.839893   \n",
              "105         535.0     621616.0      145558.325682       20249.789079   \n",
              "150       29259.0     584232.0       17719.117092       20121.318048   \n",
              "27       123780.0    4797948.0       22572.268255       18808.224105   \n",
              "199      185744.0   83898416.0      253467.507769       18472.377957   \n",
              "\n",
              "     deaths_per_million  \n",
              "155           69.071800  \n",
              "14           111.660730  \n",
              "147          470.477208  \n",
              "40           593.423100  \n",
              "162         1237.550828  \n",
              "9            112.395332  \n",
              "105          125.276222  \n",
              "150          887.393445  \n",
              "27           582.331314  \n",
              "199          561.155633  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-2900eabe-b7e6-4033-b25a-8fec8dbf0993\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "      <th>tests_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>cases_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>deaths_per_million</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>155</th>\n",
              "      <td>Qatar</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>2881060.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.23</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.20</td>\n",
              "      <td>116935.600</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.368985e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>119206.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>199.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>634745.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>220316.480740</td>\n",
              "      <td>41375.743650</td>\n",
              "      <td>69.071800</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahrain</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>1701583.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>77.29</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>43290.705</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.366273e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>52440.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1118837.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>657527.137965</td>\n",
              "      <td>30818.361490</td>\n",
              "      <td>111.660730</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>147</th>\n",
              "      <td>Panama</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>4314768.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.51</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>22267.037</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.607710e+10</td>\n",
              "      <td>94084.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2030.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>336345.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>77952.047480</td>\n",
              "      <td>21805.112117</td>\n",
              "      <td>470.477208</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chile</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>19116209.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.18</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.11</td>\n",
              "      <td>22767.037</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.352194e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>414739.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>11344.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2458762.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>128621.841287</td>\n",
              "      <td>21695.671982</td>\n",
              "      <td>593.423100</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>162</th>\n",
              "      <td>San Marino</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>33938.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>84.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>56861.470</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.929765e+09</td>\n",
              "      <td>735.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>21657.139490</td>\n",
              "      <td>1237.550828</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Aruba</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>106766.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.29</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>35973.781</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.840777e+09</td>\n",
              "      <td>2211.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>20708.839893</td>\n",
              "      <td>112.395332</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>105</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kuwait</td>\n",
              "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
              "      <td>4270563.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>65530.537</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.798523e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>86478.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>535.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>621616.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>145558.325682</td>\n",
              "      <td>20249.789079</td>\n",
              "      <td>125.276222</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>150</th>\n",
              "      <td>Peru</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>32971846.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.74</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>12236.706</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.034668e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>663437.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>29259.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>584232.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>17719.117092</td>\n",
              "      <td>20121.318048</td>\n",
              "      <td>887.393445</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Brazil</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>212559409.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.20</td>\n",
              "      <td>14103.452</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.997821e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>3997865.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>123780.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4797948.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>22572.268255</td>\n",
              "      <td>18808.224105</td>\n",
              "      <td>582.331314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>199</th>\n",
              "      <td>United States</td>\n",
              "      <td>North America</td>\n",
              "      <td>331002647.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.86</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.77</td>\n",
              "      <td>54225.446</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.794877e+13</td>\n",
              "      <td>6114406.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>185744.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83898416.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>253467.507769</td>\n",
              "      <td>18472.377957</td>\n",
              "      <td>561.155633</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-2900eabe-b7e6-4033-b25a-8fec8dbf0993')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-2900eabe-b7e6-4033-b25a-8fec8dbf0993 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-2900eabe-b7e6-4033-b25a-8fec8dbf0993');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-7d4b3722-4fb5-4c92-b8bc-055ae3fc2f75\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-7d4b3722-4fb5-4c92-b8bc-055ae3fc2f75')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-7d4b3722-4fb5-4c92-b8bc-055ae3fc2f75 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 48
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "highest_cases_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HwG4H20d-JUQ"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Q13: Create a dataframe with 10 countires that have highest number of deaths cases per million people?**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tqo72zEG-JUQ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "highest_deaths_df = combined_df.nlargest(10, 'deaths_per_million')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "izOHfj_--JUQ",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 469
        },
        "outputId": "2670578c-a29c-48e5-c8b7-99048902b070"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "           location      continent   population  life_expectancy  \\\n",
              "162      San Marino         Europe      33938.0            84.97   \n",
              "150            Peru  South America   32971846.0            76.74   \n",
              "18          Belgium         Europe   11589616.0            81.63   \n",
              "3           Andorra         Europe      77265.0            83.73   \n",
              "177           Spain         Europe   46754783.0            83.56   \n",
              "198  United Kingdom         Europe   67886004.0            81.32   \n",
              "40            Chile  South America   19116209.0            80.18   \n",
              "97            Italy         Europe   60461828.0            83.51   \n",
              "27           Brazil  South America  212559409.0            75.88   \n",
              "182          Sweden         Europe   10099270.0            82.80   \n",
              "\n",
              "     hospital_beds_per_thousand  gdp_per_capita           gdp  total_cases  \\\n",
              "162                        3.80       56861.470  1.929765e+09        735.0   \n",
              "150                        1.60       12236.706  4.034668e+11     663437.0   \n",
              "18                         5.64       42658.576  4.943965e+11      85817.0   \n",
              "3                           NaN             NaN           NaN       1199.0   \n",
              "177                        2.97       34272.360  1.602397e+12     479554.0   \n",
              "198                        2.54       39753.244  2.698689e+12     338676.0   \n",
              "40                         2.11       22767.037  4.352194e+11     414739.0   \n",
              "97                         3.18       35220.084  2.129471e+12     271515.0   \n",
              "27                         2.20       14103.452  2.997821e+12    3997865.0   \n",
              "182                        2.22       46949.283  4.741535e+11      84532.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "     total_deaths  total_tests  tests_per_million  cases_per_million  \\\n",
              "162          42.0          NaN                NaN       21657.139490   \n",
              "150       29259.0     584232.0       17719.117092       20121.318048   \n",
              "18         9898.0    2281853.0      196887.713967        7404.645676   \n",
              "3            53.0          NaN                NaN       15518.022390   \n",
              "177       29194.0    6416533.0      137238.001939       10256.790198   \n",
              "198       41514.0   13447568.0      198090.434075        4988.892850   \n",
              "40        11344.0    2458762.0      128621.841287       21695.671982   \n",
              "97        35497.0    5214766.0       86248.897403        4490.684602   \n",
              "27       123780.0    4797948.0       22572.268255       18808.224105   \n",
              "182        5820.0          NaN                NaN        8370.109919   \n",
              "\n",
              "     deaths_per_million  \n",
              "162         1237.550828  \n",
              "150          887.393445  \n",
              "18           854.040375  \n",
              "3            685.950948  \n",
              "177          624.406705  \n",
              "198          611.525168  \n",
              "40           593.423100  \n",
              "97           587.097697  \n",
              "27           582.331314  \n",
              "182          576.279276  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-2935a4d0-6947-42bc-ad74-0ef5e29acc4a\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>location</th>\n",
              "      <th>continent</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>life_expectancy</th>\n",
              "      <th>hospital_beds_per_thousand</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp_per_capita</th>\n",
              "      <th>gdp</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_cases</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_deaths</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_tests</th>\n",
              "      <th>tests_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>cases_per_million</th>\n",
              "      <th>deaths_per_million</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>162</th>\n",
              "      <td>San Marino</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>33938.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>84.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>56861.470</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.929765e+09</td>\n",
              "      <td>735.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>21657.139490</td>\n",
              "      <td>1237.550828</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>150</th>\n",
              "      <td>Peru</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>32971846.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>76.74</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>12236.706</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.034668e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>663437.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>29259.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>584232.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>17719.117092</td>\n",
              "      <td>20121.318048</td>\n",
              "      <td>887.393445</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Belgium</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>11589616.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>81.63</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.64</td>\n",
              "      <td>42658.576</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.943965e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>85817.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>9898.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2281853.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>196887.713967</td>\n",
              "      <td>7404.645676</td>\n",
              "      <td>854.040375</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Andorra</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>77265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.73</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1199.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>15518.022390</td>\n",
              "      <td>685.950948</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>177</th>\n",
              "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>46754783.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.56</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.97</td>\n",
              "      <td>34272.360</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.602397e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>479554.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>29194.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>6416533.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>137238.001939</td>\n",
              "      <td>10256.790198</td>\n",
              "      <td>624.406705</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>198</th>\n",
              "      <td>United Kingdom</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>67886004.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>81.32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.54</td>\n",
              "      <td>39753.244</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.698689e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>338676.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>41514.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>13447568.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>198090.434075</td>\n",
              "      <td>4988.892850</td>\n",
              "      <td>611.525168</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chile</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>19116209.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.18</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.11</td>\n",
              "      <td>22767.037</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.352194e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>414739.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>11344.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2458762.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>128621.841287</td>\n",
              "      <td>21695.671982</td>\n",
              "      <td>593.423100</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>97</th>\n",
              "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>60461828.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>83.51</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.18</td>\n",
              "      <td>35220.084</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.129471e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>271515.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35497.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5214766.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>86248.897403</td>\n",
              "      <td>4490.684602</td>\n",
              "      <td>587.097697</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Brazil</td>\n",
              "      <td>South America</td>\n",
              "      <td>212559409.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.88</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.20</td>\n",
              "      <td>14103.452</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.997821e+12</td>\n",
              "      <td>3997865.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>123780.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4797948.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>22572.268255</td>\n",
              "      <td>18808.224105</td>\n",
              "      <td>582.331314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>182</th>\n",
              "      <td>Sweden</td>\n",
              "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
              "      <td>10099270.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>82.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.22</td>\n",
              "      <td>46949.283</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.741535e+11</td>\n",
              "      <td>84532.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5820.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>8370.109919</td>\n",
              "      <td>576.279276</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-2935a4d0-6947-42bc-ad74-0ef5e29acc4a')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-2935a4d0-6947-42bc-ad74-0ef5e29acc4a button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-2935a4d0-6947-42bc-ad74-0ef5e29acc4a');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-9479fb6b-51a2-4b8e-b76c-bd74aec169da\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-9479fb6b-51a2-4b8e-b76c-bd74aec169da')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-9479fb6b-51a2-4b8e-b76c-bd74aec169da button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 50
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "highest_deaths_df"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JI-JHv2H-JUQ"
      },
      "source": [
        "**(Optional) Q: Count number of countries that feature in both the lists of \"highest number of tests per million\" and \"highest number of cases per million\".**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iGbeiLBR-JUR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "xyz= highest_tests_df.merge(highest_cases_df, on='location', how='inner')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qkFH3rh6-JUR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "countries_in_both = len(xyz)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WaSxFbL4-JUR",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "37c85c27-b3b9-4ac4-efde-9c54c5381bba"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "2"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 54
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "countries_in_both"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RDqWQsTh-JUR"
      },
      "source": [
        "**(Optional) Q: Count number of countries that feature in both the lists \"20 countries with lowest GDP per capita\" and \"20 countries with the lowest number of hospital beds per thousand population\". Only consider countries with a population higher than 10 million while creating the list.**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6Plt21pd-JUS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6Gd-JtjG-JUS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "S0_Z0Fuv-JUS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wU2jP1Rz-JUS"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Submission\n",
        "\n",
        "Congratulations on making it this far! You've reached the end of this part of the assignment, and you just completed your first real-world data analysis problem. It's time to record one final version of your dataframe for submission. Write the code in the cell below to save the file.\n",
        "\n",
        "Save the final combined dataframe as a `\".csv\"` file. Make sure you rename it as: `RollNumber_CombinedData.csv`\n",
        "\n",
        "Download this notebook file as `.ipynb` file and rename as:\n",
        "`RollNumber_Pandas.ipynb`\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fn='bscs23177_CombinedData.csv'"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Ny8xeDV3xeDH"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2GHDtqJb-JUT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "combined_df.to_csv(fn)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "kernelspec": {
      "display_name": "Python 3",
      "language": "python",
      "name": "python3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "codemirror_mode": {
        "name": "ipython",
        "version": 3
      },
      "file_extension": ".py",
      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
      "name": "python",
      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.8.6"
    },
    "colab": {
      "provenance": [],
      "include_colab_link": true
    }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0
}