Make secp256k1_scalar_add_bit conditional; make secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var constant time

This has the effect of making `secp256k1_scalar_mul_shift_var` constant
time in both input scalars. Keep the _var name because it is NOT constant
time in the shift amount.

As used in `secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var`, the shift is always
the constant 272, so this function becomes constant time, and it
loses the `_var` suffix.

Author: apoelstra

src/bench_internal.c

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void bench_scalar_split(void* arg) {
 
     for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++) {
         secp256k1_scalar_t l, r;
-        secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var(&l, &r, &data->scalar_x);
+        secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda(&l, &r, &data->scalar_x);
         secp256k1_scalar_add(&data->scalar_x, &data->scalar_x, &data->scalar_y);
     }
 }

src/ecmult_impl.h

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static int secp256k1_ecmult_wnaf(int *wnaf, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a, int w)
         }
         word = secp256k1_scalar_get_bits_var(&s, bit, now);
         if (word & (1 << (w-1))) {
-            secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(&s, bit + w);
+            secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(&s, bit + w, 1);
             wnaf[set_bits++] = sign * (word - (1 << w));
         } else {
             wnaf[set_bits++] = sign * word;
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ static void secp256k1_ecmult(const secp256k1_ecmult_context_t *ctx, secp256k1_ge
 
 #ifdef USE_ENDOMORPHISM
     /* split na into na_1 and na_lam (where na = na_1 + na_lam*lambda, and na_1 and na_lam are ~128 bit) */
-    secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var(&na_1, &na_lam, na);
+    secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda(&na_1, &na_lam, na);
 
     /* build wnaf representation for na_1 and na_lam. */
     bits_na_1   = secp256k1_ecmult_wnaf(wnaf_na_1,   &na_1,   WINDOW_A);

src/scalar.h

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ static void secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(unsigned char *bin, const secp256k1_scalar_
 /** Add two scalars together (modulo the group order). Returns whether it overflowed. */
 static int secp256k1_scalar_add(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a, const secp256k1_scalar_t *b);
 
-/** Add a power of two to a scalar. The result is not allowed to overflow. */
-static void secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit);
+/** Conditionally add a power of two to a scalar. The result is not allowed to overflow. */
+static void secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit, int flag);
 
 /** Multiply two scalars (modulo the group order). */
 static void secp256k1_scalar_mul(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a, const secp256k1_scalar_t *b);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ static int secp256k1_scalar_eq(const secp256k1_scalar_t *a, const secp256k1_scal
 /** Find r1 and r2 such that r1+r2*2^128 = a. */
 static void secp256k1_scalar_split_128(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a);
 /** Find r1 and r2 such that r1+r2*lambda = a, and r1 and r2 are maximum 128 bits long (see secp256k1_gej_mul_lambda). */
-static void secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a);
+static void secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a);
 #endif
 
 /** Multiply a and b (without taking the modulus!), divide by 2**shift, and round to the nearest integer. Shift must be at least 256. */

src/scalar_4x64_impl.h

@@ -96,9 +96,10 @@ static int secp256k1_scalar_add(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, const secp256k1_scalar_t
     return overflow;
 }
 
-static void secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit) {
+static void secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit, int flag) {
     uint128_t t;
     VERIFY_CHECK(bit < 256);
+    bit += ((uint32_t) flag - 1) & 0x100;  /* forcing (bit >> 6) > 3 makes this a noop */
     t = (uint128_t)r->d[0] + (((uint64_t)((bit >> 6) == 0)) << (bit & 0x3F));
     r->d[0] = t & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; t >>= 64;
     t += (uint128_t)r->d[1] + (((uint64_t)((bit >> 6) == 1)) << (bit & 0x3F));
@@ -940,9 +941,7 @@ SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_scalar_mul_shift_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *
     r->d[1] = shift < 448 ? (l[1 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow | (shift < 384 && shiftlow ? (l[2 + shiftlimbs] << shifthigh) : 0)) : 0;
     r->d[2] = shift < 384 ? (l[2 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow | (shift < 320 && shiftlow ? (l[3 + shiftlimbs] << shifthigh) : 0)) : 0;
     r->d[3] = shift < 320 ? (l[3 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow) : 0;
-    if ((l[(shift - 1) >> 6] >> ((shift - 1) & 0x3f)) & 1) {
-        secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(r, 0);
-    }
+    secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(r, 0, (l[(shift - 1) >> 6] >> ((shift - 1) & 0x3f)) & 1);
 }
 
 #endif

src/scalar_8x32_impl.h

@@ -136,9 +136,10 @@ static int secp256k1_scalar_add(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, const secp256k1_scalar_t
     return overflow;
 }
 
-static void secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit) {
+static void secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, unsigned int bit, int flag) {
     uint64_t t;
     VERIFY_CHECK(bit < 256);
+    bit += ((uint32_t) flag - 1) & 0x100;  /* forcing (bit >> 5) > 7 makes this a noop */
     t = (uint64_t)r->d[0] + (((uint32_t)((bit >> 5) == 0)) << (bit & 0x1F));
     r->d[0] = t & 0xFFFFFFFFULL; t >>= 32;
     t += (uint64_t)r->d[1] + (((uint32_t)((bit >> 5) == 1)) << (bit & 0x1F));
@@ -714,9 +715,7 @@ SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_scalar_mul_shift_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *
     r->d[5] = shift < 352 ? (l[5 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow | (shift < 320 && shiftlow ? (l[6 + shiftlimbs] << shifthigh) : 0)) : 0;
     r->d[6] = shift < 320 ? (l[6 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow | (shift < 288 && shiftlow ? (l[7 + shiftlimbs] << shifthigh) : 0)) : 0;
     r->d[7] = shift < 288 ? (l[7 + shiftlimbs] >> shiftlow)  : 0;
-    if ((l[(shift - 1) >> 5] >> ((shift - 1) & 0x1f)) & 1) {
-        secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(r, 0);
-    }
+    secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(r, 0, (l[(shift - 1) >> 5] >> ((shift - 1) & 0x1f)) & 1);
 }
 
 #endif

src/scalar_impl.h

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ static void secp256k1_scalar_inverse_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *r, const secp256k1_
  * The function below splits a in r1 and r2, such that r1 + lambda * r2 == a (mod order).
  */
 
-static void secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a) {
+static void secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_scalar_t *a) {
     secp256k1_scalar_t c1, c2;
     static const secp256k1_scalar_t minus_lambda = SECP256K1_SCALAR_CONST(
         0xAC9C52B3UL, 0x3FA3CF1FUL, 0x5AD9E3FDUL, 0x77ED9BA4UL,
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ static void secp256k1_scalar_split_lambda_var(secp256k1_scalar_t *r1, secp256k1_
     );
     VERIFY_CHECK(r1 != a);
     VERIFY_CHECK(r2 != a);
+    /* these _var calls are constant time since the shift amount is constant */
     secp256k1_scalar_mul_shift_var(&c1, a, &g1, 272);
     secp256k1_scalar_mul_shift_var(&c2, a, &g2, 272);
     secp256k1_scalar_mul(&c1, &c1, &minus_b1);

src/tests.c

@@ -561,7 +561,10 @@ void scalar_test(void) {
         r2 = s1;
         if (!secp256k1_scalar_add(&r1, &r1, &b)) {
             /* No overflow happened. */
-            secp256k1_scalar_add_bit(&r2, bit);
+            secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(&r2, bit, 1);
+            CHECK(secp256k1_scalar_eq(&r1, &r2));
+            /* cadd is a noop when flag is zero */
+            secp256k1_scalar_cadd_bit(&r2, bit, 0);
             CHECK(secp256k1_scalar_eq(&r1, &r2));
         }
     }