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Layered Architecture (N-tier)

Simplest form of software architecture, dividing software into horizontal layers.

Common Layers:

  • Presentation Layer (User interfaces)
  • Business Logic Layer (Application logic)
  • Data Access Layer (Database interactions)

Structure:

Presentation → Business Logic → Data Access

Pros:

  • Easy to understand, widespread usage.
  • Simple separation of concerns.

Cons:

  • Tends toward tight coupling.
  • Harder to change foundational layers later.

When to use:

  • Simple CRUD applications.
  • Small to medium-sized web apps.