Procedural macros

This RFC proposes an evolution of Rust's procedural macro system (aka syntax
extensions, aka compiler plugins). This RFC specifies syntax for the definition
of procedural macros, a high-level view of their implementation in the compiler,
and outlines how they interact with the compilation process.

At the highest level, macros are defined by implementing functions marked with
a `#[macro]` attribute. Macros operate on a list of tokens provided by the
compiler and return a list of tokens that the macro use is replaced by. We
provide low-level facilities for operating on these tokens. Higher level
facilities (e.g., for parsing tokens to an AST) should exist as library crates.

Author: nrc