Argument type for mutable with_metadata_of (#75091)

The method takes two pointer arguments: one `self` supplying the pointer
value, and a second pointer supplying the metadata.

The new parameter type more clearly reflects the actual requirements.
The provenance of the metadata parameter is disregarded completely.
Using a mutable pointer in the call site can be coerced to a const
pointer while the reverse is not true.

An example of the current use:

```rust
// Manually taking an unsized object from a `ManuallyDrop` into another allocation.
let val: &core::mem::ManuallyDrop<T> = …;

let ptr = val as *const _ as *mut T;
let ptr = uninit.as_ptr().with_metadata_of(ptr);
```

This could then instead be simplified to:

```rust
// Manually taking an unsized object from a `ManuallyDrop` into another allocation.
let val: &core::mem::ManuallyDrop<T> = …;

let ptr = uninit.as_ptr().with_metadata_of(&**val);
```

Author: Andreas Molzer

library/core/src/ptr/mut_ptr.rs

@@ -80,10 +80,14 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     #[unstable(feature = "set_ptr_value", issue = "75091")]
     #[must_use = "returns a new pointer rather than modifying its argument"]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn with_metadata_of<U>(self, mut val: *mut U) -> *mut U
+    pub fn with_metadata_of<U>(self, val: *const U) -> *mut U
     where
         U: ?Sized,
     {
+        // Prepare in the type system that we will replace the pointer value with a mutable
+        // pointer, taking the mutable provenance from the `self` pointer.
+        let mut val = val as *mut U;
+        // Pointer to the pointer value within the value.
         let target = &mut val as *mut *mut U as *mut *mut u8;
         // SAFETY: In case of a thin pointer, this operations is identical
         // to a simple assignment. In case of a fat pointer, with the current