Auto merge of #119099 - fmease:always-const-trait-bounds, r=fee1-dead

 Introduce `const Trait` (always-const trait bounds)

Feature `const_trait_impl` currently lacks a way to express “always const” trait bounds. This makes it impossible to define generic items like fns or structs which contain types that depend on const method calls (\*). While the final design and esp. the syntax of effects / keyword generics isn't set in stone, some version of “always const” trait bounds will very likely form a part of it. Further, their implementation is trivial thanks to the `effects` backbone.

Not sure if this needs t-lang sign-off though.

(\*):

```rs
#![feature(const_trait_impl, effects, generic_const_exprs)]

fn compute<T: const Trait>() -> Type<{ T::generate() }> { /*…*/ }

struct Store<T: const Trait>
where
    Type<{ T::generate() }>:,
{
    field: Type<{ T::generate() }>,
}
```

Lastly, “always const” trait bounds are a perfect fit for `generic_const_items`.

```rs
#![feature(const_trait_impl, effects, generic_const_items)]

const DEFAULT<T: const Default>: T = T::default();
```

Previously, we (oli, fee1-dead and I) wanted to reinterpret `~const Trait` as `const Trait` in generic const items which would've been quite surprising and not very generalizable.
Supersedes #117530.

---

cc `@oli-obk`

As discussed
r? fee1-dead (or compiler)

Author: bors

compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs

@@ -2481,15 +2481,6 @@ pub enum Const {
     No,
 }
 
-impl From<BoundConstness> for Const {
-    fn from(constness: BoundConstness) -> Self {
-        match constness {
-            BoundConstness::Maybe(span) => Self::Yes(span),
-            BoundConstness::Never => Self::No,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Item defaultness.
 /// For details see the [RFC #2532](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/2532).
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
@@ -2543,6 +2534,8 @@ impl BoundPolarity {
 pub enum BoundConstness {
     /// `Type: Trait`
     Never,
+    /// `Type: const Trait`
+    Always(Span),
     /// `Type: ~const Trait`
     Maybe(Span),
 }
@@ -2551,6 +2544,7 @@ impl BoundConstness {
     pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             Self::Never => "",
+            Self::Always(_) => "const",
             Self::Maybe(_) => "~const",
         }
     }

compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs

@@ -528,15 +528,6 @@ impl Token {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if the token can appear at the start of a generic bound.
-    pub fn can_begin_bound(&self) -> bool {
-        self.is_path_start()
-            || self.is_lifetime()
-            || self.is_keyword(kw::For)
-            || self == &Question
-            || self == &OpenDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis)
-    }
-
     /// Returns `true` if the token can appear at the start of an item.
     pub fn can_begin_item(&self) -> bool {
         match self.kind {

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs

@@ -339,9 +339,14 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 let itctx = ImplTraitContext::Universal;
                 let (generics, (trait_ref, lowered_ty)) =
                     self.lower_generics(ast_generics, *constness, id, &itctx, |this| {
+                        let constness = match *constness {
+                            Const::Yes(span) => BoundConstness::Maybe(span),
+                            Const::No => BoundConstness::Never,
+                        };
+
                         let trait_ref = trait_ref.as_ref().map(|trait_ref| {
                             this.lower_trait_ref(
-                                *constness,
+                                constness,
                                 trait_ref,
                                 &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Trait),
                             )

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs

@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         span: t.span,
                     },
                     itctx,
-                    ast::Const::No,
+                    ast::BoundConstness::Never,
                 );
                 let bounds = this.arena.alloc_from_iter([bound]);
                 let lifetime_bound = this.elided_dyn_bound(t.span);
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                                     polarity: BoundPolarity::Positive | BoundPolarity::Negative(_),
                                     constness,
                                 },
-                            ) => Some(this.lower_poly_trait_ref(ty, itctx, (*constness).into())),
+                            ) => Some(this.lower_poly_trait_ref(ty, itctx, *constness)),
                             // We can safely ignore constness here, since AST validation
                             // will take care of invalid modifier combinations.
                             GenericBound::Trait(
@@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
 
     fn lower_trait_ref(
         &mut self,
-        constness: ast::Const,
+        constness: ast::BoundConstness,
         p: &TraitRef,
         itctx: &ImplTraitContext,
     ) -> hir::TraitRef<'hir> {
@@ -2222,7 +2222,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         &mut self,
         p: &PolyTraitRef,
         itctx: &ImplTraitContext,
-        constness: ast::Const,
+        constness: ast::BoundConstness,
     ) -> hir::PolyTraitRef<'hir> {
         let bound_generic_params =
             self.lower_lifetime_binder(p.trait_ref.ref_id, &p.bound_generic_params);
@@ -2347,25 +2347,20 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         &mut self,
         modifiers: TraitBoundModifiers,
     ) -> hir::TraitBoundModifier {
+        // Invalid modifier combinations will cause an error during AST validation.
+        // Arbitrarily pick a placeholder for them to make compilation proceed.
         match (modifiers.constness, modifiers.polarity) {
             (BoundConstness::Never, BoundPolarity::Positive) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::None,
-            (BoundConstness::Never, BoundPolarity::Maybe(_)) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe,
+            (_, BoundPolarity::Maybe(_)) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe,
             (BoundConstness::Never, BoundPolarity::Negative(_)) => {
                 if self.tcx.features().negative_bounds {
                     hir::TraitBoundModifier::Negative
                 } else {
                     hir::TraitBoundModifier::None
                 }
             }
-            (BoundConstness::Maybe(_), BoundPolarity::Positive) => {
-                hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst
-            }
-            // Invalid modifier combinations will cause an error during AST validation.
-            // Arbitrarily pick a placeholder for compilation to proceed.
-            (BoundConstness::Maybe(_), BoundPolarity::Maybe(_)) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe,
-            (BoundConstness::Maybe(_), BoundPolarity::Negative(_)) => {
-                hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst
-            }
+            (BoundConstness::Always(_), _) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::Const,
+            (BoundConstness::Maybe(_), _) => hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst,
         }
     }
 
@@ -2583,45 +2578,62 @@ struct GenericArgsCtor<'hir> {
 }
 
 impl<'hir> GenericArgsCtor<'hir> {
-    fn push_constness(&mut self, lcx: &mut LoweringContext<'_, 'hir>, constness: ast::Const) {
+    fn push_constness(
+        &mut self,
+        lcx: &mut LoweringContext<'_, 'hir>,
+        constness: ast::BoundConstness,
+    ) {
         if !lcx.tcx.features().effects {
             return;
         }
 
-        // if bound is non-const, don't add host effect param
-        let ast::Const::Yes(span) = constness else { return };
+        let (span, body) = match constness {
+            BoundConstness::Never => return,
+            BoundConstness::Always(span) => {
+                let span = lcx.lower_span(span);
 
-        let span = lcx.lower_span(span);
+                let body = hir::ExprKind::Lit(
+                    lcx.arena.alloc(hir::Lit { node: LitKind::Bool(false), span }),
+                );
 
-        let id = lcx.next_node_id();
-        let hir_id = lcx.next_id();
+                (span, body)
+            }
+            BoundConstness::Maybe(span) => {
+                let span = lcx.lower_span(span);
 
-        let Some(host_param_id) = lcx.host_param_id else {
-            lcx.dcx().span_delayed_bug(
-                span,
-                "no host param id for call in const yet no errors reported",
-            );
-            return;
-        };
+                let Some(host_param_id) = lcx.host_param_id else {
+                    lcx.dcx().span_delayed_bug(
+                        span,
+                        "no host param id for call in const yet no errors reported",
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
 
-        let body = lcx.lower_body(|lcx| {
-            (&[], {
                 let hir_id = lcx.next_id();
                 let res = Res::Def(DefKind::ConstParam, host_param_id.to_def_id());
-                let expr_kind = hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
+                let body = hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
                     None,
                     lcx.arena.alloc(hir::Path {
                         span,
                         res,
-                        segments: arena_vec![lcx; hir::PathSegment::new(Ident {
-                            name: sym::host,
-                            span,
-                        }, hir_id, res)],
+                        segments: arena_vec![
+                            lcx;
+                            hir::PathSegment::new(
+                                Ident { name: sym::host, span },
+                                hir_id,
+                                res
+                            )
+                        ],
                     }),
                 ));
-                lcx.expr(span, expr_kind)
-            })
-        });
+
+                (span, body)
+            }
+        };
+        let body = lcx.lower_body(|lcx| (&[], lcx.expr(span, body)));
+
+        let id = lcx.next_node_id();
+        let hir_id = lcx.next_id();
 
         let def_id = lcx.create_def(
             lcx.current_hir_id_owner.def_id,

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         param_mode: ParamMode,
         itctx: &ImplTraitContext,
         // constness of the impl/bound if this is a trait path
-        constness: Option<ast::Const>,
+        constness: Option<ast::BoundConstness>,
     ) -> hir::QPath<'hir> {
         let qself_position = qself.as_ref().map(|q| q.position);
         let qself = qself.as_ref().map(|q| self.lower_ty(&q.ty, itctx));
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         param_mode: ParamMode,
         parenthesized_generic_args: ParenthesizedGenericArgs,
         itctx: &ImplTraitContext,
-        constness: Option<ast::Const>,
+        constness: Option<ast::BoundConstness>,
     ) -> hir::PathSegment<'hir> {
         debug!("path_span: {:?}, lower_path_segment(segment: {:?})", path_span, segment);
         let (mut generic_args, infer_args) = if let Some(generic_args) = segment.args.as_deref() {

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ ast_passes_const_and_c_variadic = functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadi
     .const = `const` because of this
     .variadic = C-variadic because of this
 
+ast_passes_const_bound_trait_object = const trait bounds are not allowed in trait object types
+
 ast_passes_const_without_body =
     free constant item without body
     .suggestion = provide a definition for the constant

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs

@@ -1207,6 +1207,9 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
                 (BoundKind::TraitObject, BoundConstness::Never, BoundPolarity::Maybe(_)) => {
                     self.dcx().emit_err(errors::OptionalTraitObject { span: poly.span });
                 }
+                (BoundKind::TraitObject, BoundConstness::Always(_), BoundPolarity::Positive) => {
+                    self.dcx().emit_err(errors::ConstBoundTraitObject { span: poly.span });
+                }
                 (_, BoundConstness::Maybe(span), BoundPolarity::Positive)
                     if let Some(reason) = &self.disallow_tilde_const =>
                 {
@@ -1237,8 +1240,8 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
                 }
                 (
                     _,
-                    BoundConstness::Maybe(_),
-                    BoundPolarity::Maybe(_) | BoundPolarity::Negative(_),
+                    BoundConstness::Always(_) | BoundConstness::Maybe(_),
+                    BoundPolarity::Negative(_) | BoundPolarity::Maybe(_),
                 ) => {
                     self.dcx().emit_err(errors::IncompatibleTraitBoundModifiers {
                         span: bound.span(),

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs

@@ -540,6 +540,13 @@ pub struct OptionalTraitObject {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_const_bound_trait_object)]
+pub struct ConstBoundTraitObject {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(ast_passes_tilde_const_disallowed)]
 pub struct TildeConstDisallowed {

compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs

@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 GenericBound::Trait(tref, modifier) => {
                     match modifier.constness {
                         ast::BoundConstness::Never => {}
-                        ast::BoundConstness::Maybe(_) => {
+                        ast::BoundConstness::Always(_) | ast::BoundConstness::Maybe(_) => {
                             self.word_space(modifier.constness.as_str());
                         }
                     }

compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs

@@ -420,9 +420,15 @@ pub enum GenericArgsParentheses {
 /// A modifier on a trait bound.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum TraitBoundModifier {
+    /// `Type: Trait`
     None,
+    /// `Type: !Trait`
     Negative,
+    /// `Type: ?Trait`
     Maybe,
+    /// `Type: const Trait`
+    Const,
+    /// `Type: ~const Trait`
     MaybeConst,
 }
 

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ hir_analysis_coercion_between_struct_same_note = expected coercion between the s
 hir_analysis_coercion_between_struct_single_note = expected a single field to be coerced, none found
 
 hir_analysis_const_bound_for_non_const_trait =
-    ~const can only be applied to `#[const_trait]` traits
+    `{$modifier}` can only be applied to `#[const_trait]` traits
 
 hir_analysis_const_impl_for_non_const_trait =
     const `impl` for trait `{$trait_name}` which is not marked with `#[const_trait]`

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/bounds.rs

@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ impl<'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + '_ {
             match ast_bound {
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(poly_trait_ref, modifier) => {
                     let (constness, polarity) = match modifier {
+                        hir::TraitBoundModifier::Const => {
+                            (ty::BoundConstness::Const, ty::ImplPolarity::Positive)
+                        }
                         hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst => {
                             (ty::BoundConstness::ConstIfConst, ty::ImplPolarity::Positive)
                         }

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs

@@ -560,11 +560,14 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             inferred_params: vec![],
             infer_args,
         };
-        if let ty::BoundConstness::ConstIfConst = constness
+        if let ty::BoundConstness::Const | ty::BoundConstness::ConstIfConst = constness
             && generics.has_self
             && !tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::const_trait)
         {
-            let e = tcx.dcx().emit_err(crate::errors::ConstBoundForNonConstTrait { span });
+            let e = tcx.dcx().emit_err(crate::errors::ConstBoundForNonConstTrait {
+                span,
+                modifier: constness.as_str(),
+            });
             arg_count.correct =
                 Err(GenericArgCountMismatch { reported: Some(e), invalid_args: vec![] });
         }

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ pub struct ConstImplForNonConstTrait {
 pub struct ConstBoundForNonConstTrait {
     #[primary_span]
     pub span: Span,
+    pub modifier: &'static str,
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs

@@ -309,23 +309,22 @@ impl Visibility {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 pub enum BoundConstness {
-    /// `T: Trait`
+    /// `Type: Trait`
     NotConst,
-    /// `T: ~const Trait`
+    /// `Type: const Trait`
+    Const,
+    /// `Type: ~const Trait`
     ///
     /// Requires resolving to const only when we are in a const context.
     ConstIfConst,
 }
 
 impl BoundConstness {
-    /// Reduce `self` and `constness` to two possible combined states instead of four.
-    pub fn and(&mut self, constness: hir::Constness) -> hir::Constness {
-        match (constness, self) {
-            (hir::Constness::Const, BoundConstness::ConstIfConst) => hir::Constness::Const,
-            (_, this) => {
-                *this = BoundConstness::NotConst;
-                hir::Constness::NotConst
-            }
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::NotConst => "",
+            Self::Const => "const",
+            Self::ConstIfConst => "~const",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BoundConstness {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::NotConst => f.write_str("normal"),
-            Self::ConstIfConst => f.write_str("`~const`"),
+            _ => write!(f, "`{self}`"),
         }
     }
 }