Merge bitcoin#19628: net: change CNetAddr::ip to have flexible size

102867c net: change CNetAddr::ip to have flexible size (Vasil Dimov)
1ea57ad net: don't accept non-left-contiguous netmasks (Vasil Dimov)

Pull request description:

  (chopped off from bitcoin#19031 to ease review)

  Before this change `CNetAddr::ip` was a fixed-size array of 16 bytes,
  not being able to store larger addresses (e.g. TORv3) and encoded
  smaller ones as 16-byte IPv6 addresses.

  Change its type to `prevector`, so that it can hold larger addresses and
  do not disguise non-IPv6 addresses as IPv6. So the IPv4 address
  `1.2.3.4` is now encoded as `01020304` instead of
  `00000000000000000000FFFF01020304`.

  Rename `CNetAddr::ip` to `CNetAddr::m_addr` because it is not an "IP" or
  "IP address" (TOR addresses are not IP addresses).

  In order to preserve backward compatibility with serialization (where
  e.g. `1.2.3.4` is serialized as `00000000000000000000FFFF01020304`)
  introduce `CNetAddr` dedicated legacy serialize/unserialize methods.

  Adjust `CSubNet` accordingly. Still use `CSubNet::netmask[]` of fixed 16
  bytes, but use the first 4 for IPv4 (not the last 4). Do not accept
  invalid netmasks that have 0-bits followed by 1-bits and only allow
  subnetting for IPv4 and IPv6.

  Co-authored-by: Carl Dong <[email protected]>

ACKs for top commit:
  sipa:
    utACK 102867c
  MarcoFalke:
    Concept ACK 102867c
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK 102867c. Just many suggested updates since last review. Thanks for following up on everything!
  jonatack:
    re-ACK 102867c diff review, code review, build/tests/running bitcoind with ipv4/ipv6/onion peers
  kallewoof:
    ACK 102867c

Tree-SHA512: d60bf716cecf8d3e8146d2f90f897ebe956befb16f711a24cfe680024c5afc758fb9e4a0a22066b42f7630d52cf916318bedbcbc069ae07092d5250a11e8f762

Author: MarcoFalke

doc/release-notes.md

@@ -139,6 +139,10 @@ Updated settings
   in future releases. Refer to the help of the affected settings `-whitebind`
   and `-whitelist` for more details. (#19191)
 
+- Netmasks that contain 1-bits after 0-bits (the 1-bits are not contiguous on
+  the left side, e.g. 255.0.255.255) are no longer accepted. They are invalid
+  according to RFC 4632.
+
 Changes to Wallet or GUI related settings can be found in the GUI or Wallet  section below.
 
 Tools and Utilities