rt: add runtime Id

There are a number of cases in which being able to identify a runtime is
useful.

When instrumenting an application, this is particularly true. For
example, we would like to be able to add traces for runtimes so that
tasks can be differentiated (#5792). It would also allow a way to
differentiate runtimes which are have their tasks dumped.

Outside of instrumentation, it may be useful to check whether 2 runtime
handles are pointing to the same runtime.

This change adds an opaque `runtime::Id` struct which serves this
purpose, initially behind the `tokio_unstable` cfg flag. It follows the
same pattern as the `task::Id` struct. The Id can be compared for
equality with another `runtime::Id` and implements `Debug` and `Display`
so that it can be output as well.

Internally the Id is a `u64`, but that is an implementation detail.

There is a degree of code duplication, but that is necessary to ensure
that the Ids are not used to compare against one another.

The Id is added within the scope of working towards closing #5545.

Author: hds

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/handle.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+use crate::runtime;
 use crate::runtime::{context, scheduler, RuntimeFlavor};
 
 /// Handle to the runtime.
@@ -357,6 +359,34 @@ impl Handle {
             scheduler::Handle::MultiThread(_) => RuntimeFlavor::MultiThread,
         }
     }
+
+    cfg_unstable! {
+        /// Returns the [`Id`] of the current `Runtime`.
+        ///
+        /// # Examples
+        ///
+        /// ```
+        /// use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+        ///
+        /// #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")]
+        /// async fn main() {
+        ///   println!("Current runtime id: {}", Handle::current().id());
+        /// }
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// **Note**: This is an [unstable API][unstable]. The public API of this type
+        /// may break in 1.x releases. See [the documentation on unstable
+        /// features][unstable] for details.
+        ///
+        /// [unstable]: crate#unstable-features
+        pub fn id(&self) -> runtime::Id {
+            match &self.inner {
+                scheduler::Handle::CurrentThread(handle) => handle.runtime_id,
+                #[cfg(all(feature = "rt-multi-thread", not(tokio_wasi)))]
+                scheduler::Handle::MultiThread(handle) => handle.runtime_id,
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 cfg_metrics! {

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/id.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+/// An opaque ID that uniquely identifies a runtime relative to all other currently
+/// running runtimes.
+///
+/// # Notes
+///
+/// - Runtime IDs are unique relative to other *currently running* runtimes.
+///   When a task completes, the same ID may be used for another task.
+/// - Runtime IDs are *not* sequential, and do not indicate the order in which
+///   runtimes are started or any other data.
+/// - The runtime ID of the currently running task can be obtained from the
+///   Handle.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+///
+/// #[tokio::main(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+/// async fn main() {
+///   println!("Current runtime id: {}", Handle::current().id());
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// **Note**: This is an [unstable API][unstable]. The public API of this type
+/// may break in 1.x releases. See [the documentation on unstable
+/// features][unstable] for details.
+///
+/// [unstable]: crate#unstable-features
+#[cfg_attr(not(tokio_unstable), allow(unreachable_pub))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Id(u64);
+
+impl fmt::Display for Id {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Id {
+    pub(crate) fn next() -> Self {
+        use crate::loom::sync::atomic::{Ordering::Relaxed, StaticAtomicU64};
+
+        static NEXT_ID: StaticAtomicU64 = StaticAtomicU64::new(1);
+
+        Self(NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, Relaxed))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/mod.rs

@@ -226,6 +226,10 @@ cfg_rt! {
     mod builder;
     pub use self::builder::Builder;
     cfg_unstable! {
+        mod id;
+        #[cfg_attr(not(tokio_unstable), allow(unreachable_pub))]
+        pub use id::Id;
+
         pub use self::builder::UnhandledPanic;
         pub use crate::util::rand::RngSeed;
     }

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/current_thread.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use crate::future::poll_fn;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use crate::loom::sync::Arc;
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+use crate::runtime;
 use crate::runtime::driver::{self, Driver};
 use crate::runtime::scheduler::{self, Defer, Inject};
 use crate::runtime::task::{self, JoinHandle, OwnedTasks, Schedule, Task};
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Handle {
 
     /// Current random number generator seed
     pub(crate) seed_generator: RngSeedGenerator,
+
+    #[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+    pub(crate) runtime_id: runtime::Id,
 }
 
 /// Data required for executing the scheduler. The struct is passed around to
@@ -141,6 +146,8 @@ impl CurrentThread {
             driver: driver_handle,
             blocking_spawner,
             seed_generator,
+            #[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+            runtime_id: runtime::Id::next(),
         });
 
         let core = AtomicCell::new(Some(Box::new(Core {

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/handle.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::future::Future;
 use crate::loom::sync::Arc;
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+use crate::runtime;
 use crate::runtime::scheduler::multi_thread::worker;
 use crate::runtime::{
     blocking, driver,
@@ -30,6 +32,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Handle {
 
     /// Current random number generator seed
     pub(crate) seed_generator: RngSeedGenerator,
+
+    #[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+    pub(crate) runtime_id: runtime::Id,
 }
 
 impl Handle {

Diff for: tokio/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/worker.rs

@@ -302,6 +302,8 @@ pub(super) fn create(
         driver: driver_handle,
         blocking_spawner,
         seed_generator,
+        #[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+        runtime_id: runtime::Id::next(),
     });
 
     let mut launch = Launch(vec![]);

Diff for: tokio/tests/rt_handle.rs

@@ -60,6 +60,29 @@ fn interleave_then_enter() {
     let _enter = rt3.enter();
 }
 
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+mod unstable {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_id_is_same() {
+        let rt = rt();
+
+        let handle1 = rt.handle();
+        let handle2 = rt.handle();
+
+        assert_eq!(handle1.id(), handle2.id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_ids_different() {
+        let rt1 = rt();
+        let rt2 = rt();
+
+        assert_ne!(rt1.handle().id(), rt2.handle().id());
+    }
+}
+
 fn rt() -> Runtime {
     tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
         .build()

Diff for: tokio/tests/rt_threaded.rs

@@ -762,4 +762,22 @@ mod unstable {
             .unwrap();
         })
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_id_is_same() {
+        let rt = rt();
+
+        let handle1 = rt.handle();
+        let handle2 = rt.handle();
+
+        assert_eq!(handle1.id(), handle2.id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_ids_different() {
+        let rt1 = rt();
+        let rt2 = rt();
+
+        assert_ne!(rt1.handle().id(), rt2.handle().id());
+    }
 }