Chapter11.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 11: Named Entity Recognition\n",
    "\n",
    "## Data loading and exploration\n",
    "\n",
    "The dataset used in this notebook is `All the news` dataset from the Kaggle website: you can download it [here](https://www.kaggle.com/snapcrack/all-the-news). The code uses `articles1.csv` file.\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's start by loading, reading, and inspecting the data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "path = \"all-the-news/\"\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(path + \"articles1.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Check how many documents are loaded:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(50000, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What does the data contain? Check the first several rows:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>publication</th>\n",
       "      <th>author</th>\n",
       "      <th>date</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>month</th>\n",
       "      <th>url</th>\n",
       "      <th>content</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>17283</td>\n",
       "      <td>House Republicans Fret About Winning Their Hea...</td>\n",
       "      <td>New York Times</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carl Hulse</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016-12-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON  —   Congressional Republicans have...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>17284</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rift Between Officers and Residents as Killing...</td>\n",
       "      <td>New York Times</td>\n",
       "      <td>Benjamin Mueller and Al Baker</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-06-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>After the bullet shells get counted, the blood...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>17285</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tyrus Wong, ‘Bambi’ Artist Thwarted by Racial ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>New York Times</td>\n",
       "      <td>Margalit Fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-01-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>When Walt Disney’s “Bambi” opened in 1942, cri...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>17286</td>\n",
       "      <td>Among Deaths in 2016, a Heavy Toll in Pop Musi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>New York Times</td>\n",
       "      <td>William McDonald</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-04-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Death may be the great equalizer, but it isn’t...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>17287</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kim Jong-un Says North Korea Is Preparing to T...</td>\n",
       "      <td>New York Times</td>\n",
       "      <td>Choe Sang-Hun</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>SEOUL, South Korea  —   North Korea’s leader, ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Unnamed: 0     id                                              title  \\\n",
       "0           0  17283  House Republicans Fret About Winning Their Hea...   \n",
       "1           1  17284  Rift Between Officers and Residents as Killing...   \n",
       "2           2  17285  Tyrus Wong, ‘Bambi’ Artist Thwarted by Racial ...   \n",
       "3           3  17286  Among Deaths in 2016, a Heavy Toll in Pop Musi...   \n",
       "4           4  17287  Kim Jong-un Says North Korea Is Preparing to T...   \n",
       "\n",
       "      publication                         author        date    year  month  \\\n",
       "0  New York Times                     Carl Hulse  2016-12-31  2016.0   12.0   \n",
       "1  New York Times  Benjamin Mueller and Al Baker  2017-06-19  2017.0    6.0   \n",
       "2  New York Times                   Margalit Fox  2017-01-06  2017.0    1.0   \n",
       "3  New York Times               William McDonald  2017-04-10  2017.0    4.0   \n",
       "4  New York Times                  Choe Sang-Hun  2017-01-02  2017.0    1.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   url                                            content  \n",
       "0  NaN  WASHINGTON  —   Congressional Republicans have...  \n",
       "1  NaN  After the bullet shells get counted, the blood...  \n",
       "2  NaN  When Walt Disney’s “Bambi” opened in 1942, cri...  \n",
       "3  NaN  Death may be the great equalizer, but it isn’t...  \n",
       "4  NaN  SEOUL, South Korea  —   North Korea’s leader, ...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Which news sources are covered?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['New York Times' 'Breitbart' 'CNN' 'Business Insider' 'Atlantic']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sources = df[\"publication\"].unique()\n",
    "print(sources)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Select only specific publications – e.g., the first $1000$ articles from the `New York Times`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1000,)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "condition = df[\"publication\"].isin([\"New York Times\"])\n",
    "content_df = df.loc[condition, :][\"content\"][:1000]\n",
    "content_df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can also check what is contianed in this new, selected set:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    WASHINGTON  —   Congressional Republicans have...\n",
       "1    After the bullet shells get counted, the blood...\n",
       "2    When Walt Disney’s “Bambi” opened in 1942, cri...\n",
       "3    Death may be the great equalizer, but it isn’t...\n",
       "4    SEOUL, South Korea  —   North Korea’s leader, ...\n",
       "Name: content, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "content_df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And print out the full content of some articles (e.g., the first couple):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "WASHINGTON  —   Congressional Republicans have a new fear when it comes to their    health care lawsuit against the Obama administration: They might win. The incoming Trump administration could choose to no longer defend the executive branch against the suit, which challenges the administration’s authority to spend billions of dollars on health insurance subsidies for   and   Americans, handing House Republicans a big victory on    issues. But a sudden loss of the disputed subsidies could conceivably cause the health care program to implode, leaving millions of people without access to health insurance before Republicans have prepared a replacement. That could lead to chaos in the insurance market and spur a political backlash just as Republicans gain full control of the government. To stave off that outcome, Republicans could find themselves in the awkward position of appropriating huge sums to temporarily prop up the Obama health care law, angering conservative voters who have been demanding an end to the law for years. In another twist, Donald J. Trump’s administration, worried about preserving executive branch prerogatives, could choose to fight its Republican allies in the House on some central questions in the dispute. Eager to avoid an ugly political pileup, Republicans on Capitol Hill and the Trump transition team are gaming out how to handle the lawsuit, which, after the election, has been put in limbo until at least late February by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. They are not yet ready to divulge their strategy. “Given that this pending litigation involves the Obama administration and Congress, it would be inappropriate to comment,” said Phillip J. Blando, a spokesman for the Trump transition effort. “Upon taking office, the Trump administration will evaluate this case and all related aspects of the Affordable Care Act. ” In a potentially   decision in 2015, Judge Rosemary M. Collyer ruled that House Republicans had the standing to sue the executive branch over a spending dispute and that the Obama administration had been distributing the health insurance subsidies, in violation of the Constitution, without approval from Congress. The Justice Department, confident that Judge Collyer’s decision would be reversed, quickly appealed, and the subsidies have remained in place during the appeal. In successfully seeking a temporary halt in the proceedings after Mr. Trump won, House Republicans last month told the court that they “and the  ’s transition team currently are discussing potential options for resolution of this matter, to take effect after the  ’s inauguration on Jan. 20, 2017. ” The suspension of the case, House lawyers said, will “provide the   and his future administration time to consider whether to continue prosecuting or to otherwise resolve this appeal. ” Republican leadership officials in the House acknowledge the possibility of “cascading effects” if the   payments, which have totaled an estimated $13 billion, are suddenly stopped. Insurers that receive the subsidies in exchange for paying    costs such as deductibles and   for eligible consumers could race to drop coverage since they would be losing money. Over all, the loss of the subsidies could destabilize the entire program and cause a lack of confidence that leads other insurers to seek a quick exit as well. Anticipating that the Trump administration might not be inclined to mount a vigorous fight against the House Republicans given the  ’s dim view of the health care law, a team of lawyers this month sought to intervene in the case on behalf of two participants in the health care program. In their request, the lawyers predicted that a deal between House Republicans and the new administration to dismiss or settle the case “will produce devastating consequences for the individuals who receive these reductions, as well as for the nation’s health insurance and health care systems generally. ” No matter what happens, House Republicans say, they want to prevail on two overarching concepts: the congressional power of the purse, and the right of Congress to sue the executive branch if it violates the Constitution regarding that spending power. House Republicans contend that Congress never appropriated the money for the subsidies, as required by the Constitution. In the suit, which was initially championed by John A. Boehner, the House speaker at the time, and later in House committee reports, Republicans asserted that the administration, desperate for the funding, had required the Treasury Department to provide it despite widespread internal skepticism that the spending was proper. The White House said that the spending was a permanent part of the law passed in 2010, and that no annual appropriation was required  —   even though the administration initially sought one. Just as important to House Republicans, Judge Collyer found that Congress had the standing to sue the White House on this issue  —   a ruling that many legal experts said was flawed  —   and they want that precedent to be set to restore congressional leverage over the executive branch. But on spending power and standing, the Trump administration may come under pressure from advocates of presidential authority to fight the House no matter their shared views on health care, since those precedents could have broad repercussions. It is a complicated set of dynamics illustrating how a quick legal victory for the House in the Trump era might come with costs that Republicans never anticipated when they took on the Obama White House.\n",
      "After the bullet shells get counted, the blood dries and the votive candles burn out, people peer down from   windows and see crime scenes gone cold: a band of yellow police tape blowing in the breeze. The South Bronx, just across the Harlem River from Manhattan and once shorthand for urban dysfunction, still suffers violence at levels long ago slashed in many other parts of New York City. And yet the city’s efforts to fight it remain splintered, underfunded and burdened by scandal. In the 40th Precinct, at the southern tip of the Bronx, as in other poor, minority neighborhoods across the country, people long hounded for   infractions are crying out for more protection against grievous injury or death. By September, four of every five shootings in the precinct this year were unsolved. Out of the city’s 77 precincts, the 40th has the highest murder rate but the fewest detectives per violent crime, reflecting disparities in staffing that hit hardest in some neighborhoods outside Manhattan, according to a New York Times analysis of Police Department data. Investigators in the precinct are saddled with twice the number of cases the department recommends, even as their bosses are called to Police Headquarters to answer for the sharpest crime rise in the city this year. And across the Bronx, investigative resources are squeezed. It has the highest   rate of the city’s five boroughs but the thinnest detective staffing. Nine of the 14   precinct detective squads for violent crime in the city are there. The borough’s robbery squad is smaller than Manhattan’s, even though the Bronx has had 1, 300 more cases this year. And its homicide squad has one detective for every four murders, compared with one detective for roughly every two murders in Upper Manhattan and more than one detective per murder in Lower Manhattan. In   lobbies and   family apartments, outside methadone clinics and art studios, people take note of the inequity. They hear police commanders explain that they lack the resources to place a floodlight on a dangerous block or to post officers at a   corner. They watch witnesses cower behind   doors, more fearful of a gunman’s crew than confident in the Police Department’s ability to protect them. So though people see a lot, they rarely testify. And in the South Bronx, as in so many predominantly black and Hispanic neighborhoods like it in the United States, the contract between the police and the community is in tatters. Some people have stories of crime reports that were ignored, or 911 calls that went unanswered for hours. Others tell of a 911 call for help ending in the caller’s arrest, or of a minor charge leading to 12 hours in a fetid holding cell. This is the paradox of policing in the 40th Precinct. Its neighborhoods have historically been prime targets for aggressive tactics, like    that are designed to ward off disorder. But precinct detectives there have less time than anywhere else in the city to answer for the blood spilled in violent crimes. Gola White, who was beside her daughter when she was shot and killed in a playground this summer, four years after her son was gunned down in the same housing project, ticked off the public safety resources that she said were scant in Bronx neighborhoods like hers: security cameras, lights, locks, investigating police officers. “Here, we have nothing,” she said. When it comes to “  families,” she said, the authorities “don’t really care as much. That’s how I feel. ” The Times has been documenting the murders logged this year in the 40th Precinct, one of a handful of neighborhoods where deadly violence remains a problem in an era of   crime in New York City. The homicides  —   14 in the precinct this year, up from nine in 2015  —   strain detectives, and when they go unsolved, as half of them have this year, some look to take the law into their own hands. From hundreds of conversations with grieving relatives and friends, witnesses and police officers, the social forces that flare into murder in a place like the 40th Precinct become clearer: merciless gang codes, mental illness, drugs and long memories of feuds that simmered out of officers’ view. The reasons some murders will never be solved also emerge: paralyzing fear of retribution, victims carrying secrets to their graves and relentless casework that forces detectives to move on in hopes that a break will come later. Frustrations build on all sides. Detectives’ phones rarely ring with tips, and officers grow embittered with witnesses who will not cooperate. In the meantime, a victim’s friends conduct their own investigations, and talk of grabbing a stash gun from a wheel well or a mother’s apartment when they find their suspect. In the chasm between the police and the community, gangs and gun violence flourish. Parents try to protect their families from drug crews’ threats, and officers work to overcome the residue of years of mistrust and understaffing in communities where they still go racing from one 911 call to the next. The streets around St. Mary’s Park were the scene of two fatal shootings logged in the 40th Precinct this year. Both are unsolved. James Fernandez heard talk of the murders through the door of his   apartment on East 146th Street in a     the Betances Houses. He lived at the end of a long hallway strewn with hypodermic needles, empty dope bags and discarded Hennessy bottles. A   young men who spoke of being in a subset of the Bloods gang had made it their drug market, slinging marijuana and cocaine to regulars, flashing firearms and blowing smoke into the Fernandez apartment. When Mr. Fernandez, 40, asked the young men to move, they answered by busting up his car. This kind of crime, an anachronism in much of New York, still rattles the 40th Precinct, even though murders there have fallen to 14 this year from 83 in 1991. It has more major felony crimes per resident than any other residential district in the city. It is also one of the poorest communities in the country, and many young men find their way into underground markets. Mr. Fernandez was not one to shrink from the threats. When he was growing up on the Lower East Side, he rode his bicycle around to the customers of the drug dealers he worked for and collected payments in a backpack. After leaving that life, he got a tech maintenance job and, three years ago, moved into the Betances Houses with his wife and daughter, now 11. He had two choices to get help with the drug crew: call the police for help and risk being labeled a snitch, or call his old Lower East Side bosses for muscle and risk violence. He chose the police. Again and again, he walked into a local substation, Police Service Area 7, and asked for protection. His daughter was using an inhaler to relieve coughs from the marijuana smoke. Mr. Fernandez and his wife got terrible headaches. “There’s a lot of killers here, and we are going to kill you,” a sergeant’s police report quoted a    telling Mr. Fernandez in August 2015. A second report filed the same day said a    warned him, “I’m going to shoot through your window. ” Mr. Fernandez told the police both the teenagers’ names, which appear in the reports, and then went home. He said one of their friends had seen him walk into the substation, and they tried to intimidate him out of filing another report. Three days later, the same    propped his bike on their door, “then said if I was to open the door and say something, they would body slam me,” Mr. Fernandez’s wife, Maria Fernandez, wrote on slips of paper she used to document the hallway ruckus and the inadequate police response. The boys made comments about how easy a target she was and about how they would have to “slap” her if she opened the door while they made a drug sale, and they threatened to beat the Fernandez family because “they are the ones snitching,” her notes say. But another   complaint at the substation, 10 days after the first, brought no relief. A week later, feeling desperate, Ms. Fernandez tried calling: first to the substation, at 8:50 p. m. when one of the boys blew weed smoke at her door and made a   threat to attack her, and then to 911 at 10:36 p. m. The police never came, she wrote in her notes. She tried the 40th Precinct station house next, but officers at the desk left her standing in the public waiting area for a   she said, making her fear being seen again. Officers put her in worse danger some months later, she said, when they came to her door and announced in front of the teenagers that they were there on a complaint about drug activity. Mr. Fernandez started doing the work that he said the police had failed to do. He wired a camera into his peephole to record the drugs and guns. The footage hark back to the New York of the 1980s, still very much present to some of the precinct’s residents. Around 6:30 each morning, Sgt. Michael J. LoPuzzo walks through the tall wooden doors of the 40th Precinct station house. The cases that land on his metal desk  —   dead bodies with no known cause, strip club brawls, shooting victims hobbling into the hospital themselves  —   bring resistance at every turn, reminding him of an earlier era in the city’s   campaign. “I haven’t got one single phone call that’s putting me in the right direction here,” said Sergeant LoPuzzo, the head of the precinct’s detective squad, one day this summer as he worked on an answer to an email inquiry from a murder victim’s aunt about why the killer had not been caught. “And people just don’t understand that. ” Often it is detectives who most feel the effects of people turning on the police. Witnesses shout them away from their doors just so neighbors know they refuse to talk. Of the 184 people who were shot and wounded in the Bronx through early September, more than a third  —   66 victims  —   refused to cooperate. Over the same period in the 40th Precinct, squad detectives closed three of 17 nonfatal shootings, and 72 of 343 robbery cases. Part of the resistance stems from   preventive policing tactics, like    that were a hallmark of the     style under former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and his police commissioner, Raymond W. Kelly. Near the height of the    strategy, in 2012, the 40th Precinct had the   stops in the city, the   stops in which officers used force and the most frisks. Of 18, 276 stops that year, 15, 521 were of people who had done nothing criminal. The precinct was also one of the   areas that the department flooded with its newest officers. At roll calls, they were pressured to generate numbers: write tickets and make arrests. They had no choice but to give a summons to a young man playing in a park after dark, even if the officers had done the same growing up in the same neighborhood. “I need to bring something in today to justify my existence,” Officer Argenis Rosado, who joined the precinct in 2010, said in an interview at the station house. “So now you’re in a small area, and day after day you’re hammering the same community. Of course that community’s eventually going to turn on you. ” The pressure warped the way officers and residents saw each other. Rookies had to ignore why someone might be drinking outside or sitting on a stoop. “Some of the cops that came out at that time probably viewed the community differently, too,” said Hector Espada, a   veteran of the precinct. “Not because they wanted to, but because they had to. Because some way or somehow, you can’t give someone a $115 summons and feel like you guys could still have a civil conversation after that. ” Morale wilted in the aged station house on Alexander Avenue, in Mott Haven. Officers felt pressure to downgrade crime complaints to make them appear less serious. Several said in interviews that they had overlooked crime reports from immigrants because they were seen as unlikely to complain, and watched supervisors badger victims into repeating their stories in hopes that they would drop their complaints. The practice of downgrading complaints resulted in the disciplining of 19 officers in the precinct last year, one in a string of scandals that has left officers there feeling overscrutinized for problems that also existed elsewhere. Four commanders in the precinct were sent packing in five years, one of them after officers were found to be “ticket fixing,” or forgiving parking tickets for friends, and another after he was recorded giving guidance on whom to stop and frisk: black boys and men, ages 14 to 21. Some officers fled to other commands. Others became reluctant to take assignments in proactive policing units, like   that put them in   situations on the street. “Whenever I walked through the doors of the precinct, to me, it seemed like a black cloud,” said Russell Lewis, a    of the 40th. “It was like a heaviness. When you walked in, all you wanted to do was do your 8 hours 35 minutes and go home, because you didn’t want to get caught up in anything. ” The precinct covers only about two square miles, but the more than a dozen housing projects there mean that it overflows with people. Methadone clinics draw addicts from around the city.   lofts on the southern edge of the precinct presage a wave of gentrification. Even as the Police Department has hired 1, 300 more officers for neighborhood policing and counterterrorism, officers in the 40th Precinct said they could still rush to 25 911 calls during a shift  —   a number unchanged from what the new police commissioner, James P. O’Neill, said he was handling in a similar South Bronx precinct 15 years ago. Several dozen calls at a time can be waiting for a response. Residents know that if you want the police for a domestic problem, it helps to hint that there is a weapon. Last year, the precinct drew the   number of civilian complaints for officer misconduct in the city, and the most lawsuits stemming from police actions. The precinct is trying to improve morale under a new commanding officer, Deputy Inspector Brian Hennessy. A cadre of what the department calls neighborhood coordination officers has been on patrol since last January, part of a citywide effort under Mr. O’Neill and Mayor Bill de Blasio to bring back the beat cop, unencumbered by chasing every last 911 call, who can listen to people’s concerns and help with investigations. The precinct has made among the most gun arrests in the city, and officers said they now had more discretion to resolve encounters without a summons or an arrest. At one corner near a school, on Courtlandt Avenue and East 151st Street, that has long spawned complaints about gunfire and fights, Inspector Hennessy and some of his officers painted over graffiti and swept up drug paraphernalia this summer. People said it was the first answer to their complaints in years. But the inspector acknowledged that the residue of   policing lingers. “That perception really sticks,” he said. The workload in the 40th Precinct is startling and reveals a gap in how detective squads are equipped to answer violent crime in Manhattan compared with the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens. Three of the precinct’s 16 detectives are carrying more than 400 cases each this year, and many others have loads in the high 300s, even though the department advises 150 in violent precincts. When they are assigned a homicide, they typically have four days to investigate before dealing with other cases. Quieter precincts can give detectives a month with little distraction to investigate a murder. Detectives in the 40th Precinct have each handled an average of 79 violent felonies this year through    —   murders, rapes, felony assaults and robberies. By contrast, a detective in the precinct on the southern end of Staten Island carries nine such cases a detective in the precinct patrolling Union Square and Gramercy Park handles 16 and a detective in the precinct for most of Washington Heights handles 32, the citywide median. Last year, the 40th was the    for violent crime, with 65 cases per detective. In the Bronx as a whole, a precinct detective has carried an average of 58 violent felonies this year, compared with 27 in Manhattan, 37 in Brooklyn, 38 in Queens and 25 on Staten Island. Rape cases and robbery patterns are later sent to more specialized units, but precinct detectives do extensive initial work to interview victims, write reports and process evidence. Precincts in much of Manhattan, which are whiter and wealthier than the South Bronx, often have more property felonies, like stolen laptops or credit cards, and the police say those can be complex. But even accounting for those crimes, the 40th Precinct has some of the heaviest caseloads of overall crime per detective in the city. Michael Palladino, the head of the Detectives’ Endowment Association and a former Bronx officer, said staffing disparities affected the department’s efforts to build trust in communities like the South Bronx. Witnesses make a calculation, he said: “If I cooperate with the detectives, there’s so much work, there’s so few of them there, they won’t even get the chance to protect me, or they’ll be there too late when the retaliation comes. ” Sergeant LoPuzzo, who turned down a more prestigious post to stay in the 40th Precinct, said that his squad worked tirelessly to handle cases with the people he had, and that while every squad wanted more detectives, staffing needs for counterterrorism units and task forces had created new deployment challenges across the department. “We fight with the army we have, not the army we wish we had,” he said. Details of how the Police Department assigns its 36, 000 officers are closely held and constantly in flux, and the public has minimal information on how personnel are allocated. Presented with The Times’s analysis of confidential staffing data, the department’s chief of detectives, Robert K. Boyce, vowed to send more detectives to the 40th Precinct and said the department would reassess its deployment more broadly in troubled precincts. He said a recent decision to bring gang, narcotics and vice detectives under his command made it easier to shift personnel. Chief Boyce said the burdens on detectives went beyond felony crimes to include   and   cases. And he noted the support that precinct squads got from centralized units focusing on robberies, gangs or grand larcenies, for example. Major crime keeps pounding the 40th Precinct, at rates that in 2015 were only a tenth of a percent lower than in 2001, even as citywide crime dropped by more than a third over the same period. But the precinct’s detective squad shrank by about eight investigators during those years, according to staffing data obtained from the City Council through a Freedom of Information Law request. The squad covering Union Square and Gramercy Park, where crime dropped by a third over that period, grew by about 11 investigators. (The 40th Precinct was given an additional detective and four   investigators this summer, when it was already missing three detectives for illness or other reasons.) Retired detectives are skeptical that community relations alone can drive down crime in the city’s last “” the busiest precincts. Rather, they say, the Police Department should be dedicating more resources to providing the same sort of robust investigative response that seems standard in Manhattan. “Any crime in Manhattan has to be solved,” said Howard Landesberg, who was a 40th Precinct detective in the late 1980s. “The outer boroughs are, like, forgotten. ” Retired detectives said that understaffing made it harder to solve crimes in the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, where the higher prevalence of gang and drug killings already saddled investigators with cases in which people were not inclined to cooperate. Through   detectives had closed 67 percent of homicides in Manhattan and 76 percent of those in Staten Island this year, compared with 54 percent of those in the Bronx, 42 percent of those in Queens and 31 percent of those in Brooklyn. Of last year’s homicides, detectives cleared 71 percent in Manhattan, 63 percent in the Bronx, 62 percent in Queens, 57 percent in Staten Island and 31 percent in Brooklyn. “It’s the culture of the Police Department that they worry about Manhattan,” said Joseph L. Giacalone, a former sergeant in the Bronx Cold Case Squad, in part “because that’s where the money is. ” He added: “When de Blasio came in, he talked about the tale of two cities. And then he’s done the complete opposite of what he said. It’s just business as usual. ” The Bronx’s struggles extend into prosecutions. In each of the last five years, prosecutors in the Bronx have declined to prosecute violent felony cases more than anywhere else in the city. And the rate of conviction in the Bronx is routinely the lowest in the city as well, but has ticked up this year to surpass Brooklyn’s rate through November as Bronx prosecutors work to streamline cases. Some cases have become even more difficult to win because of the   problem in the 40th Precinct, which has allowed defense lawyers to attack the credibility of officers who were implicated, said Patrice O’Shaughnessy, a spokeswoman for the Bronx District Attorney’s office. The district attorney, Darcel D. Clark, elected in 2015, said in a statement, “I was a judge here in the Bronx, and I heard from jurors that they can’t be impartial because they don’t trust the police. ” Against that tide of mistrust, Sergeant LoPuzzo’s detectives work 36 hours straight on some fresh cases. They buy Chinese takeout with their own money for a murder suspect. They carry surveillance videos home in hopes that their personal computers may enhance them better than a squad computer. They buy an urn for a homeless mother who has her murdered son’s ashes in a box. In the months after a killing, they can seem like the only people in this glittering city who are paying attention to the 40th Precinct’s homicide victims. Newly fatherless children go back to school without a therapist’s help. Victims’ families wander confused through a courthouse and nearly miss an appearance. Newspapers largely ignore killings of people with criminal pasts, pushing them down the priority lists of the   chiefs at Police Headquarters. In a stuffy   squad room, the detectives of the 40th Precinct grapple with an inheritance of government neglect. They meet mothers who believe their sons might never have been murdered had a city guidance counselor listened to pleas to help them stay enrolled, or had a city housing worker fixed the locks or lights on a building. And the detectives work alongside a vicious system on the streets for punishing police cooperators. Young men scan court paperwork in prison, looking for the names of people who turned on them. One murder victim in the precinct this year was cast out of his crew after he avoided being arrested with them in a gang takedown some believed he was cooperating. A longtime 40th Precinct detective, Jeff Meenagh, said a witness in a homicide case was going to testify until he went back to his neighborhood and was told that anyone who testified would “get what you deserve. ” The allies Sergeant LoPuzzo makes are friendly only for so long. He helped clear a woman’s son of a robbery charge by locating surveillance video that proved he was not the robber. The mother started calling with tips under a code name  —   about a gun under a car, for example. But she always refused to testify. And she cut ties this year after Sergeant LoPuzzo arrested her son in the stabbing of two people and her   in a shooting. New York City owns East 146th Street and the   buildings on each side. But James Fernandez, in the Betances Houses, said the reality on the ground was different: The drug boss ran the block. By October, Mr. Fernandez was increasingly afraid  —   and fed up. Mr. Fernandez and his wife went so far as to give officers keys to the building door, so they could get in whenever they wanted, showed them the videos and offered them   access to his camera so they could see what was happening in the hallway. A couple of officers said they needed a supervisor’s permission to do more. Others answered that the young men were only making threats. Officers occasionally stopped outside their building, causing the young men to scatter, but did not come inside, Mr. Fernandez said. The menacing worsened. Mr. Fernandez’s daughter was harassed as she arrived home from school. She grew more and more distressed, and her parents had her start seeing a therapist. Mr. Fernandez made several complaints at the office of the borough president, Ruben Diaz Jr. and visited a victim’s advocate in the district attorney’s office. On Oct. 20, 2015, he sent an online note to the police commissioner’s office. “We went to all proper channels for help,” the note said. “Both precincts failed us, except 2 officers who helped us, but their hands are tied. No one else to turn to. I have months of video of multiple crimes taking place and we are in extreme danger. ” “40th and PSA 7 won’t do anything,” he wrote, referring to the local substation. “Please we need to speak to some one with authority. ” The local substation commander, Deputy Inspector Jerry O’Sullivan, and the Bronx narcotics unit were alerted to the complaints. But Mr. Fernandez said he never heard from them. So he relied on his own street instincts to protect his family. He made pleas to a man he thought was employing the dealers in the hallway. The activity quieted briefly, but it returned after the young men rented a room in a woman’s apartment upstairs. Mr. Fernandez approached a different man who he learned was the boss of the operation. The man agreed to ask the dealers to calm down. He even hired a drug customer to sweep the hallway, Mr. Fernandez said. But two weeks later, the dealing and the harassment resumed. So he went to his old Lower East Side bosses, who hired men to trail his wife and daughter on their way out of the building and make sure they made it safely to school. At other times they sat outside the Betances Houses. He also bought two bulletproof vests, for about $700 each. He could not find one small enough for his daughter. “I have no faith in the City of New York, I have no faith in the police, I have no faith in the politicians,” Mr. Fernandez said. “The only thing I know for sure: God, if we’re in a situation again, I will be left to defend my family. ” Paying such close attention to what was happening in the hallway, Mr. Fernandez said he learned some details about two recent homicides that the 40th Precinct was investigating. But because his calls for help were going nowhere, he said he decided not to put himself in greater risk by talking: He would not tell the police what he had learned. “I’m bending over backward, and nobody’s not even doing anything,” he said. “Why am I going to help you, if you ain’t going to help me?” By last January, a new neighborhood coordination officer was working with residents of the Betances Houses, and ended up with the most arrests in his housing command, Inspector O’Sullivan said. Chief Boyce said that the silos in which gang and narcotics detectives used to work made responding to complaints more difficult, but that the recent restructuring would remove those obstacles. “No one should live like Mr. Fernandez lived, with people dealing drugs outside of his apartment,” he said. Mr. Fernandez’s complaints did not spur any arrests, but two men from the hallway were caught separately this year in shootings. One of them, whom Mr. Fernandez named in a police report, was charged this summer with hitting an officer with a metal folding chair and firing three gunshots into a crowd, court papers say. He is being held on Rikers Island on an attempted murder charge. That was too late for Mr. Fernandez. By May, he had moved his family away.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for article in content_df[:2]:\n",
    "    print(article)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Extract information with spaCy\n",
    "\n",
    "Collect named entities from the texts:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import spacy\n",
    "nlp = spacy.load(\"en_core_web_md\")\n",
    "\n",
    "def collect_entites(data_frame):\n",
    "    named_entities = {}\n",
    "    processed_docs = []\n",
    "\n",
    "    for item in data_frame:\n",
    "        doc = nlp(item)\n",
    "        processed_docs.append(doc)\n",
    "\n",
    "        for ent in doc.ents:\n",
    "            entity_text = ent.text # e.g., Apple\n",
    "            entity_type = str(ent.label_) # e.g., ORG\n",
    "            current_ents = {} # e.g., [Apple: 1, Facebook: 2, ...]\n",
    "            if entity_type in named_entities.keys():\n",
    "                current_ents = named_entities.get(entity_type)\n",
    "            current_ents[entity_text] = current_ents.get(entity_text, 0) + 1                \n",
    "            named_entities[entity_type] = current_ents\n",
    "    return named_entities, processed_docs\n",
    "\n",
    "named_entities, processed_docs = collect_entites(content_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Print out the most frequent 10 entities per type:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "GPE\n",
      "   the United States: 1079\n",
      "   Russia: 526\n",
      "   China: 514\n",
      "   Washington: 496\n",
      "   New York: 364\n",
      "   America: 364\n",
      "   Iran: 294\n",
      "   Mexico: 266\n",
      "   Britain: 237\n",
      "   California: 204\n",
      "NORP\n",
      "   American: 971\n",
      "   Republicans: 524\n",
      "   Republican: 472\n",
      "   Democrats: 398\n",
      "   Russian: 337\n",
      "   Chinese: 288\n",
      "   Americans: 268\n",
      "   British: 181\n",
      "   Democrat: 166\n",
      "   Muslim: 161\n",
      "PERSON\n",
      "   Trump: 3703\n",
      "   Obama: 824\n",
      "   Donald J. Trump: 209\n",
      "   Clinton: 187\n",
      "   Spicer: 136\n",
      "   Sessions: 123\n",
      "   Gorsuch: 121\n",
      "   Kushner: 111\n",
      "   Hillary Clinton: 110\n",
      "   Barack Obama: 110\n",
      "ORG\n",
      "   Trump: 744\n",
      "   Senate: 374\n",
      "   Congress: 348\n",
      "   Twitter: 348\n",
      "   White House: 235\n",
      "   The New York Times: 230\n",
      "   the White House: 216\n",
      "   House: 202\n",
      "   Facebook: 175\n",
      "   Times: 169\n",
      "MONEY\n",
      "   1: 64\n",
      "   2: 23\n",
      "   100: 21\n",
      "   10: 19\n",
      "   5: 19\n",
      "   3: 19\n",
      "   millions of dollars: 18\n",
      "   4: 18\n",
      "   billions of dollars: 17\n",
      "   $1 billion: 15\n",
      "CARDINAL\n",
      "   one: 1235\n",
      "   two: 896\n",
      "   three: 343\n",
      "   One: 331\n",
      "   000: 252\n",
      "   four: 169\n",
      "   seven: 168\n",
      "   1: 151\n",
      "   five: 126\n",
      "   thousands: 120\n",
      "DATE\n",
      "   Friday: 411\n",
      "   Wednesday: 367\n",
      "   Tuesday: 331\n",
      "   2015: 284\n",
      "   Thursday: 274\n",
      "   Monday: 268\n",
      "   last year: 257\n",
      "   Sunday: 255\n",
      "   Saturday: 239\n",
      "   2014: 210\n",
      "LAW\n",
      "   the Affordable Care Act: 119\n",
      "   Constitution: 88\n",
      "   Roe v. Wade: 13\n",
      "   the Clean Air Act: 12\n",
      "   the Geneva Conventions: 8\n",
      "   The Affordable Care Act: 5\n",
      "   Affordable Care Act: 5\n",
      "   the First Amendment: 5\n",
      "   Guccifer 2: 4\n",
      "   the Constitution: 4\n",
      "LOC\n",
      "   Europe: 149\n",
      "   Africa: 53\n",
      "   Asia: 52\n",
      "   Silicon Valley: 46\n",
      "   Earth: 40\n",
      "   the Middle East: 38\n",
      "   West: 30\n",
      "   South: 28\n",
      "   North: 27\n",
      "   Nafta: 24\n",
      "FAC\n",
      "   the White House: 90\n",
      "   Broadway: 74\n",
      "   Vatican: 34\n",
      "   Capitol: 26\n",
      "   the F. B. I.: 18\n",
      "   Trump Tower: 17\n",
      "   the National Mall: 17\n",
      "   the 40th Precinct: 13\n",
      "   White House: 13\n",
      "   Fifth Avenue: 13\n",
      "ORDINAL\n",
      "   first: 1159\n",
      "   second: 220\n",
      "   third: 82\n",
      "   First: 42\n",
      "   fourth: 38\n",
      "   fifth: 19\n",
      "   40th: 13\n",
      "   45th: 12\n",
      "   sixth: 10\n",
      "   eighth: 6\n",
      "TIME\n",
      "   morning: 127\n",
      "   night: 118\n",
      "   hours: 63\n",
      "   afternoon: 53\n",
      "   evening: 49\n",
      "   last night: 20\n",
      "   that night: 19\n",
      "   tonight: 19\n",
      "   overnight: 17\n",
      "   Monday night: 17\n",
      "QUANTITY\n",
      "   000: 27\n",
      "   6 a. m. Eastern: 18\n",
      "   6 a. m.: 15\n",
      "   two: 11\n",
      "   6 a. m. Pacific: 8\n",
      "   666 Fifth Avenue: 4\n",
      "   about 30 miles: 3\n",
      "   3 a. m.: 3\n",
      "   40 miles: 3\n",
      "   four: 3\n",
      "PERCENT\n",
      "   5 percent: 28\n",
      "   20 percent: 20\n",
      "   3 percent: 19\n",
      "   4 percent: 19\n",
      "   100 percent: 15\n",
      "   2 percent: 15\n",
      "   6 percent: 14\n",
      "   40 percent: 13\n",
      "   8 percent: 12\n",
      "   9 percent: 12\n",
      "WORK_OF_ART\n",
      "   Morning Briefing: 30\n",
      "   Saturday Night Live: 26\n",
      "   Moonlight: 24\n",
      "   La La Land: 18\n",
      "   Bible: 17\n",
      "   The Daily: 16\n",
      "   The Mary Tyler Moore Show: 14\n",
      "   Hidden Figures: 12\n",
      "   Meet the Press: 12\n",
      "   Manchester by the Sea: 11\n",
      "EVENT\n",
      "   World War II: 49\n",
      "   the Super Bowl: 39\n",
      "   Super Bowl: 33\n",
      "   La La Land: 23\n",
      "   Weekend Briefing: 15\n",
      "   New Year’s Eve: 14\n",
      "   the Vietnam War: 12\n",
      "   New Year’s Day: 12\n",
      "   Olympics: 10\n",
      "   the Civil War: 10\n",
      "PRODUCT\n",
      "   Oscars: 16\n",
      "   iPhone: 8\n",
      "   Falcon 9: 7\n",
      "   Emmy: 7\n",
      "   CO2: 6\n",
      "   Air Force One: 5\n",
      "   Boule: 5\n",
      "   PolitiFact: 5\n",
      "   iPhones: 4\n",
      "   C. I. A.: 4\n",
      "LANGUAGE\n",
      "   English: 47\n",
      "   Arabic: 8\n",
      "   Spanish: 5\n",
      "   French: 5\n",
      "   Hebrew: 4\n",
      "   Filipino: 3\n",
      "   Mandarin: 3\n",
      "   Portuguese: 3\n",
      "   Romanian: 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def print_out(named_entities):\n",
    "    for key in named_entities.keys():\n",
    "        print(key)\n",
    "        entities = named_entities.get(key)\n",
    "        sorted_keys = sorted(entities, key=entities.get, reverse=True)\n",
    "        for item in sorted_keys[:10]:\n",
    "            if (entities.get(item) > 1):\n",
    "                print(\"   \" + item + \": \" + str(entities.get(item)))\n",
    "\n",
    "print_out(named_entities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Get overall statistics – the named entity types, the number of unique entries of each type, and the total number of occurrences of each type:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " Type:        Entries:  Total: \n",
      " GPE          1782      14978  \n",
      " NORP         512       7384   \n",
      " PERSON       9768      29623  \n",
      " ORG          5089      15859  \n",
      " MONEY        662       1221   \n",
      " CARDINAL     1211      8518   \n",
      " DATE         3122      15152  \n",
      " LAW          131       411    \n",
      " LOC          501       1527   \n",
      " FAC          724       1357   \n",
      " ORDINAL      72        1724   \n",
      " TIME         594       1594   \n",
      " QUANTITY     360       479    \n",
      " PERCENT      271       677    \n",
      " WORK_OF_ART  1337      1924   \n",
      " EVENT        290       671    \n",
      " PRODUCT      262       372    \n",
      " LANGUAGE     21        92     \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rows = []\n",
    "rows.append([\"Type:\", \"Entries:\", \"Total:\"])\n",
    "for ent_type in named_entities.keys():\n",
    "    rows.append([ent_type, str(len(named_entities.get(ent_type))), \n",
    "                 str(sum(named_entities.get(ent_type).values()))])\n",
    "\n",
    "columns = zip(*rows)\n",
    "column_widths = [max(len(item) for item in col) for col in columns]\n",
    "for row in rows:\n",
    "    print(''.join(' {:{width}} '.format(row[i], width=column_widths[i]) \n",
    "                  for i in range(0, len(row))))\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Explore the contexts of use for a particular entity of a specified entity type:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times wrote about Apple\n",
      "The New York Times wrote about Apple\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "entity = \"The New York Times\"\n",
    "sentences = [\"The New York Times wrote about Apple\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "def extract_span(sent, entity):\n",
    "    indexes = []\n",
    "    for ent in sent.ents:\n",
    "        if ent.text==entity:\n",
    "            for i in range(int(ent.start), int(ent.end)):\n",
    "                indexes.append(i)\n",
    "    return indexes\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "def extract_information(sent, entity, indexes):\n",
    "    actions = []\n",
    "    action = \"\"\n",
    "    participant1 = \"\"\n",
    "    participant2 = \"\"\n",
    "        \n",
    "    for token in sent:\n",
    "        if token.pos_==\"VERB\" and token.dep_==\"ROOT\":  \n",
    "            subj_ind = -1\n",
    "            obj_ind = -1\n",
    "            action = token.text\n",
    "            children = [child for child in token.children]   \n",
    "            for child1 in children:\n",
    "                if child1.dep_==\"nsubj\":\n",
    "                    participant1 = child1.text\n",
    "                    subj_ind = int(child1.i)\n",
    "                if child1.dep_==\"prep\":\n",
    "                    participant2 = \"\"\n",
    "                    child1_children = [child for child in child1.children]\n",
    "                    for child2 in child1_children:\n",
    "                        if child2.pos_ == \"NOUN\" or child2.pos_ == \"PROPN\":\n",
    "                            participant2 = child2.text\n",
    "                            obj_ind = int(child2.i)\n",
    "                    if not participant2==\"\":\n",
    "                        if subj_ind in indexes:\n",
    "                            actions.append(entity + \" \" + action + \" \" + child1.text + \" \" + participant2)\n",
    "                        elif obj_ind in indexes:\n",
    "                            actions.append(participant1 + \" \" + action + \" \" + child1.text + \" \" + entity)\n",
    "                if child1.dep_==\"dobj\" and (child1.pos_ == \"NOUN\"\n",
    "                                            or child1.pos_ == \"PROPN\"):\n",
    "                    participant2 = child1.text\n",
    "                    obj_ind = int(child1.i)\n",
    "                    if subj_ind in indexes:\n",
    "                        actions.append(entity + \" \" + action + \" \" + participant2)\n",
    "                    elif obj_ind in indexes:\n",
    "                        actions.append(participant1 + \" \" + action + \" \" + entity)\n",
    "                    \n",
    "    if not len(actions)==0:\n",
    "        print (f\"\\nSentence = {sent}\")\n",
    "        for item in actions:\n",
    "            print(item)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "for sent in sentences:\n",
    "    doc = nlp(sent)\n",
    "    indexes = extract_span(doc, entity)\n",
    "    print(indexes)\n",
    "    extract_information(doc, entity, indexes)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Detect sentences with the specified entity:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "61\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def entity_detector(processed_docs, entity, ent_type):\n",
    "    output_sentences = []\n",
    "    for doc in processed_docs:\n",
    "        for sent in doc.sents:\n",
    "            if entity in [ent.text for ent in sent.ents if ent.label_==ent_type]:\n",
    "                output_sentences.append(sent)\n",
    "    return output_sentences   \n",
    "\n",
    "entity = \"Apple\"\n",
    "\n",
    "ent_sentences = entity_detector(processed_docs, entity, \"ORG\")\n",
    "print(len(ent_sentences))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Extract information from the sentences with the specified entity:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Apple, complying with what it said was a request from Chinese authorities, removed news apps created by The New York Times from its app store in China late last month.\n",
      "Apple removed apps\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Apple removed both the   and   apps from the app store in China on Dec. 23.\n",
      "Apple removed apps\n",
      "Apple removed on Dec.\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Apple has previously removed other, less prominent media apps from its China store.\n",
      "Apple removed apps\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = It puts Apple and Google in a difficult position.\n",
      "It puts Apple\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Russia required Apple and Google to remove the LinkedIn app from their local stores.\n",
      "Russia required Apple\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = On Friday, Apple, its longtime partner, sued Qualcomm over what it said was $1 billion in withheld rebates.\n",
      "Apple sued Qualcomm\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Apple sued three days after the  Federal Trade Commission accused Qualcomm of using anticompetitive practices to guarantee its high royalty payments for advanced wireless technology.\n",
      "Apple sued days\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Apple returned to growth, reporting    revenue largely thanks to the latest iPhones.\n",
      "Apple returned to growth\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for sent in ent_sentences:\n",
    "    indexes = extract_span(sent, entity)\n",
    "    extract_information(sent, entity, indexes)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Check how this works for a multi-word named entity:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "230\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = During negotiations with Mr. Corzine last year, the commission also strengthened aspects of the deal after some of the agency’s commissioners questioned it, The New York Times reported at the time.\n",
      "The New York Times reported at time\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times spoke to five people in the   to    age group, a small sample of millennial savers.\n",
      "The New York Times spoke to people\n",
      "The New York Times spoke to group\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Times Insider delivers    insights into life at The New York Times.\n",
      "Insider delivers at The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times called Armstrong one of the “great inventive geniuses in electrical engineering” after his death in 1954.\n",
      "The New York Times called Armstrong\n",
      "The New York Times called after death\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “It is now heavy rain and melting snow, which is causing flooding in the camp,” Mr. Kempson wrote to The New York Times, via Facebook, describing the conditions in the camp on Wednesday.\n",
      "Kempson wrote to The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The state’s longstanding reputation as a political bellwether had led The New York Times to move me to Iowa for a full year ahead of its presidential caucuses in early 2016.\n",
      "reputation led The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times has reported extensively, since 2014, on Takata’s tampering with its test results, as well as its early failure, along with its largest client, Honda, to alert regulators to the deadly defect.\n",
      "The New York Times reported on tampering\n",
      "The New York Times reported failure\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times released a review of its newsroom and a blueprint for the future created by a team of seven of its journalists.\n",
      "The New York Times released review\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times has deftly adapted to the demands of digital journalism, but it needs to change even more quickly, according to an internal report that recommends the company expand training for reporters and editors, hire journalists with more varied skills and deepen engagement with readers as a way to build loyalty and attract the subscriptions necessary to survive.\n",
      "The New York Times adapted to demands\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times is driving to Friday’s inauguration with supporters of   Donald J. Trump.\n",
      "The New York Times driving to inauguration\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = A sort of guerrilla war broke out in which banned material would turn up in newspapers, including this one as early as April 1967, The New York Times reprinted a sketch by Elaine May that the network had killed.\n",
      "The New York Times reprinted sketch\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Ms. Moore first appeared in The New York Times in 1962, during the first season of “The Dick Van Dyke Show,” which ran from 1961 to 1966.\n",
      "Moore appeared in The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times, though, ultimately chose more muscular terminology, opting to use the word “lie” in the headline.\n",
      "The New York Times chose terminology\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “This outstanding young scientist has enormous potential to make contributions that will improve our understanding of heart disease, and he has already been thoroughly vetted,” Professor Michel wrote to The New York Times.\n",
      "Michel wrote to The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “This outstanding young scientist has enormous potential to make contributions that will improve our understanding of heart disease, and he has already been thoroughly vetted,” Professor Michel wrote to The New York Times.\n",
      "Michel wrote to The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “He gave his package and his passport to an airport officer, and they didn’t talk to him, they just put him in a room,” his wife, who asked to be referred to only by her first initial, D, told The New York Times.\n",
      "wife told The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “I decided not to go even if I could, because it hurts me deeply to see ordinary people of my country being rejected for what might be their legal right to have access to their children abroad or to their school classes as students,” Ms. Alidoosti told The New York Times in an interview.\n",
      "Alidoosti told The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Engineers and product managers at several tech companies spoke to The New York Times on the condition of anonymity.\n",
      "Engineers spoke to The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = She was “an Amanda that may someday be spoken of with the awe that surrounds Laurette Taylor’s creation of the part nearly 70 years ago,” the critic Ben Brantley wrote in The New York Times after the Broadway opening.\n",
      "critic wrote in The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = They come to you unmediated  —   not from The New York Times, but from your friends and friends of friends on Facebook.\n",
      "They come from The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Look for “The New York Times” and select “enable skill. ”\n",
      " Look for The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Look for “The New York Times” and select “Enable Skill. ”\n",
      " Look for The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = Look for “The New York Times” and select “Enable Skill. ”\n",
      " Look for The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = “I refused as many offers as I accepted,” she told The New York Times in 2013.\n",
      "she told The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = In December, several Russian sports officials told The New York Times they were no longer disputing the cheating schemes that had been uncovered, though they insisted top government officials had no part in them.\n",
      "officials told The New York Times\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times ran an Associated Press article, which has since been removed from the website.  \n",
      "The New York Times ran article\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times ran Associated Press and Reuters articles, which have since been removed from the website.  \n",
      "The New York Times ran articles\n",
      "\n",
      "Sentence = The New York Times ran several Associated Press articles MALMO, Sweden\n",
      "The New York Times ran articles\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "entity = \"The New York Times\"\n",
    "\n",
    "ent_sentences = entity_detector(processed_docs, entity, \"ORG\")\n",
    "print(len(ent_sentences))\n",
    "\n",
    "for sent in ent_sentences:\n",
    "    indexes = extract_span(sent, entity)\n",
    "    extract_information(sent, entity, indexes)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Apply visualization with displaCy\n",
    "\n",
    "Familialize yourself with the visualization functionality. This is an example from the [`spaCy`'s webpage](https://spacy.io/usage/visualizers):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">When \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #aa9cfc; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Sebastian Thrun\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PERSON</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " started working on self-driving cars at \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    2007\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ",         few people outside of the company took him seriously.</div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from spacy import displacy\n",
    "\n",
    "text = \"When Sebastian Thrun started working on self-driving cars at Google in 2007, \\\n",
    "        few people outside of the company took him seriously.\"\n",
    "\n",
    "doc = nlp(text)\n",
    "displacy.render(doc, style=\"ent\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Visualize entity types in sentences containing the specified entity:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    American\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " tech giants like \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " are on a collision course with \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    European\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " regulators over issues including privacy and taxes. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Nearly a year ago\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", I argued that we were witnessing a new era in the tech business, one that is typified less by the storied   in a garage than by a posse I like to call the Frightful \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Five\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ": \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Alphabet\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s parent company. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The precise nature of the fights varies by company and region, including the tax and antitrust investigations of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #ff9561; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Europe\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">LOC</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s sales were flat \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    last year\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", and after a monster \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    2016\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Alphabet\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s stock price hit a plateau. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">When \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " took on \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    last year\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " over access to a terrorist’s \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfeeb7; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    iPhone\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PRODUCT</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", many in tech sided with the company, but a majority of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Americans\n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       " address, now referred to in cybersecurity circles as his “\n",
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       "    Going Dark\n",
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       "    The New York Times\n",
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       " from its app store in \n",
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       "    the New York Times\n",
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       "    Fred Sainz\n",
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       " store. </div></span>"
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       " at \n",
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       "    the University of Hong Kong\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", noted that in matters involving customer privacy, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " requires governments to submit subpoenas, search warrants or other legal documents. </div></span>"
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       "</mark>\n",
       " had not disclosed what laws the authorities said were violated, making it difficult for The \n",
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       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and other publishers to file an appeal or challenge the government’s requests. </div></span>"
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       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    China\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " is also \n",
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       "    one\n",
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       " of \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       "’s largest \n",
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       "    iPhone\n",
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       " markets, though sales in that region have slowed. </div></span>"
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       "    Dec. 23\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
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       ", \n",
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       "    David Barboza\n",
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       ", a \n",
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       "    Times\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " reporter, spoke with members of \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "’s media team about the article. </div></span>"
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       "    Later that day\n",
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       " informed \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    The Times\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " that the apps would be removed, Ms. \n",
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       "    Murphy\n",
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       "    Times\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       "’s app stores for other countries, as well as the \n",
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       "    Hong Kong\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
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       "    Taiwan\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
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       " stores, but people must have a credit card with a billing address outside mainland \n",
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       "    China\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " to download them. </div></span>"
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
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       "    China\n",
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       " store should not affect those who have already installed it. </div></span>"
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       "    April\n",
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       ", \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "’s \n",
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       "    iBooks Store\n",
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       " and \n",
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       " were shut down in the country, \n",
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       "    Natkin\n",
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       " said that \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " had a certain amount of leverage against the \n",
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       "    Chinese\n",
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       " government in terms of the total amount of jobs created but that “the technology gap has started to close. ”</div></span>"
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       "    Russian\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " authorities to remove \n",
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       "    LinkedIn\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " app stores comes \n",
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       "    weeks\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " after a court blocked the professional networking service for flouting local laws that require internet firms to store data on \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Russian\n",
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       " citizens within the nation’s borders. </div></span>"
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       "    Apple\n",
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       " and \n",
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       " in a difficult position. </div></span>"
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Removing them from the \n",
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       "    Google Play\n",
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       " store and \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       "’s App Store may not have cut off access to content, but it sent a signal that countries can push the tech giants to remove the apps. </div></span>"
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       " and \n",
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       "    Google\n",
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       " is a new wrinkle. </div></span>"
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       "</mark>\n",
       " regulators to block the service, which the company confirmed was extended to apps in \n",
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       " \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " Play stores. </div></span>"
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
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       " confirmed it was asked to remove its \n",
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       "    LinkedIn\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " \n",
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       ". </div></span>"
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       "    Russia\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " required \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " to remove the \n",
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       "    LinkedIn\n",
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       " app from their local stores. </div></span>"
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       ", \n",
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       ", \n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
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       " and \n",
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       "</mark>\n",
       " have all been targets of tax evasion, privacy or antitrust investigations. </div></span>"
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       " store \n",
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       ". </div></span>"
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       "    Friday\n",
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       "    Apple\n",
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       " over what it said was \n",
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       " in withheld rebates. </div></span>"
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       " for \n",
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       " of \n",
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       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    San Diego\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said the money had been promised in conjunction with an agreement not to buy chips from other suppliers or to divulge \n",
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       "    Qualcomm\n",
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       "’s intellectual property licensing practices. </div></span>"
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       " after \n",
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       "    the  Federal Trade Commission\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
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       " accused \n",
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       "    Qualcomm\n",
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       " of using anticompetitive practices to guarantee its high royalty payments for advanced wireless technology. </div></span>"
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       ". </div></span>"
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       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    $975 million\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">MONEY</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " fine by \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Chinese\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " regulators in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    2015\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and activist shareholder complaints \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    later that year\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " that forced layoffs at \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">When \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " provided information to \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    South Korean\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " regulators in that case, and sought competing chips from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Intel\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " refused to pay \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " its promised money, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said. </div></span>"
      ],
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       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">“\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " has intentionally mischaracterized our agreements and negotiations,” \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said in a statement, adding that it would fight that lawsuit, too. </div></span>"
      ],
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Companies like \n",
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       "    Samsung\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " need \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " for the technology that enables things like   wireless video for \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    millions\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " of people at once. </div></span>"
      ],
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Instead, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " innovated in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    4\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "G wireless for the new smartphones from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Samsung\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " that toppled \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Nokia\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Motorola\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Taiwanese\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " manufacturers, which pay \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " royalties for \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfeeb7; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    iPhones\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PRODUCT</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", are another big profit center. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">What about \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", which has contracts with manufacturers in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    China\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " but doesn’t manufacture there itself? </div></span>"
      ],
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Multinationals like \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " actually pay a lot less, in part because much of their profits are held offshore. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">But more expensive imports from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Mexico\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " could be painful for many consumers, for example, while a trade war with \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    China\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " would hurt \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    American\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies like \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    General Electric\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Caterpillar\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">That list starts with the most famous \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #ff9561; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Silicon Valley\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">LOC</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " citizen of all: \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #aa9cfc; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Steve Jobs\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PERSON</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", the \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "   whose biological father immigrated from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Syria\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    1954\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
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    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">—   \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">“We’re going to be there for you,” Mr. \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #aa9cfc; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Trump\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PERSON</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " promised to a room that included the leaders of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said, “It is not a policy we support. ” </div></span>"
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " returned to growth, reporting    revenue largely thanks to the latest \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfeeb7; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    iPhones\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PRODUCT</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
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       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Almost 100\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies, including \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", urged \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the Ninth Circuit\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " to continue to block the order, saying it “harms the competitiveness of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    U. S.\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies. ” </div></span>"
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       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Tesla\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Uber\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Intel\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", said Mr. \n",
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       "    Trump\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PERSON</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s order “violates the immigration laws and the \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #ff8197; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Constitution\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">LAW</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". ” </div></span>"
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       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Overnight\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">TIME</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #e4e7d2; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    97\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies  —   most of them technology firms, including \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "  —   filed a legal brief arguing that the ban is unconstitutional and harms the interests of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #c887fb; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    American\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">NORP</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " businesses. </div></span>"
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       "    Almost 100\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">CARDINAL</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    U. S.\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies  —   including \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "  —   filed a legal brief arguing that the order is unconstitutional. </div></span>"
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       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">For instance, I called it quits on \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s Calendar app when I was planning a dinner with friends \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfe1d9; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    last month\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">DATE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and the software sent a calendar invite in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #feca74; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Greenwich Mean Time\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">GPE</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " rather than \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #ff9561; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Pacific Standard Time\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">LOC</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
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       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s   app \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    OneNote\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", along with \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #bfeeb7; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Notes\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">PRODUCT</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " app, can easily import \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Evernote\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " records. </div></span>"
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       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Ditching \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s Calendar app was fairly easy. </div></span>"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">All my calendar data was already stored online and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s app supports calendars from multiple online services including \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: #7aecec; padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def visualize(processed_docs, entity, ent_type):\n",
    "    for doc in processed_docs:\n",
    "        for sent in doc.sents:\n",
    "            if entity in [ent.text for ent in sent.ents if ent.label_==ent_type]:\n",
    "                displacy.render(sent, style=\"ent\")\n",
    "\n",
    "visualize(processed_docs, \"Apple\", \"ORG\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Find sentences where the particular named entity is used alongside other entities of the same type:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "41\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def count_ents(sent, ent_type):\n",
    "    return len([ent.text for ent in sent.ents if ent.label_==ent_type])   \n",
    "\n",
    "def entity_detector_custom(processed_docs, entity, ent_type):\n",
    "    output_sentences = []\n",
    "    for doc in processed_docs:\n",
    "        for sent in doc.sents:\n",
    "            if entity in [ent.text for ent in sent.ents if ent.label_==ent_type and \n",
    "                          count_ents(sent, ent_type)>1]:\n",
    "                output_sentences.append(sent)\n",
    "    return output_sentences\n",
    "\n",
    "output_sentences = entity_detector_custom(processed_docs, \"Apple\", \"ORG\")\n",
    "print(len(output_sentences))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now visualize the results – named entities of specified type (you can change the colors by selecting the codes from [`https://htmlcolorcodes.com/color-chart/`](https://htmlcolorcodes.com/color-chart/):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">American tech giants like \n",
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       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " are on a collision course with European regulators over issues including privacy and taxes. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Nearly a year ago, I argued that we were witnessing a new era in the tech business, one that is typified less by the storied   in a garage than by a posse I like to call the Frightful Five: \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Alphabet\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s parent company. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The precise nature of the fights varies by company and region, including the tax and antitrust investigations of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in Europe and </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s sales were flat last year, and after a monster 2016, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Alphabet\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s stock price hit a plateau. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">When \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " took on \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " last year over access to a terrorist’s iPhone, many in tech sided with the company, but a majority of Americans thought \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " should give in. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", complying with what it said was a request from Chinese authorities, removed news apps created by \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    The New York Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " from its app store in China late last month. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">“For some time now \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the New York Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " app has not been permitted to display content to most users in China and we have been informed that the app is in violation of local regulations,” Fred Sainz, an \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " spokesman, said of the \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " apps. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Mr. Sainz declined to comment on what local regulations the \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " apps were said to have violated, who had contacted \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and when, and whether a court order or other legal document had been presented. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">A \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " spokeswoman in New York, Eileen Murphy, said the company had asked \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " to reconsider its decision. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Farzana Aslam, associate director of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the Center for Comparative and Public Law\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " at \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the University of Hong Kong\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", noted that in matters involving customer privacy, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " requires governments to submit subpoenas, search warrants or other legal documents. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">She added that it was “very worrying” that \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " had not disclosed what laws the authorities said were violated, making it difficult for The \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and other publishers to file an appeal or challenge the government’s requests. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">On Dec. 23, David Barboza, a \n",
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       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " reporter, spoke with members of \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s media team about the article. </div></span>"
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Later that day, a separate team from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " informed \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    The Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " that the apps would be removed, Ms. Murphy said. </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Times\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " news apps remain available in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s app stores for other countries, as well as the Hong Kong and Taiwan stores, but people must have a credit card with a billing address outside mainland China to download them. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">In April, \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    iBooks Store\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    iTunes Movies\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " were shut down in the country, just six months after they were introduced there. </div></span>"
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The demand by Russian authorities to remove \n",
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       "    LinkedIn\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " app stores comes weeks after a court blocked the professional networking service for flouting local laws that require internet firms to store data on Russian citizens within the nation’s borders. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">It puts \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " in a difficult position. </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">But civil rights groups say the pressure authoritarian governments are now placing on \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " is a new wrinkle. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    LinkedIn\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", which is owned by \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", said it was “disappointed” with the decision by Russian regulators to block the service, which the company confirmed was extended to apps in Russian \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " Play stores. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
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     },
     "metadata": {},
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " confirmed it was asked to remove its \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    LinkedIn\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " app in Russia about a month ago. </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Russia required \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " to remove the \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    LinkedIn\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " app from their local stores. </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">In recent years, \n",
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       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " have all been targets of tax evasion, privacy or antitrust investigations. </div></span>"
      ],
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">On Friday, \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", its longtime partner, sued \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " over what it said was $1 billion in withheld rebates. </div></span>"
      ],
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">In the lawsuit, filed in \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Federal District Court\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " for the Southern District of California, in San Diego, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said the money had been promised in conjunction with an agreement not to buy chips from other suppliers or to divulge \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s intellectual property licensing practices. </div></span>"
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " sued three days after \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the  Federal Trade Commission\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " accused \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " of using anticompetitive practices to guarantee its high royalty payments for advanced wireless technology. </div></span>"
      ],
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       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The commission cited \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s deals with Taiwanese companies that manufacture \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " iPhones over semiconductors it sells for the iPhone. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
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    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The commission and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " complaints follow several other problems, including a $975 million fine by Chinese regulators in 2015 and activist shareholder complaints later that year that forced layoffs at \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">When \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " provided information to South Korean regulators in that case, and sought competing chips from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Intel\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " refused to pay \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " its promised money, \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said. </div></span>"
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     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">“\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " has intentionally mischaracterized our agreements and negotiations,” \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " said in a statement, adding that it would fight that lawsuit, too. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
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    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Companies like \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Samsung\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " need \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " for the technology that enables things like   wireless video for millions of people at once. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
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      ]
     },
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Instead, \n",
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       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " innovated in 4G wireless for the new smartphones from \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Samsung\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " that toppled \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Nokia\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Motorola\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">\n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s Taiwanese manufacturers, which pay \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Qualcomm\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " royalties for iPhones, are another big profit center. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">But more expensive imports from Mexico could be painful for many consumers, for example, while a trade war with China would hurt American companies like \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    General Electric\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Caterpillar\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
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    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">—   \n",
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       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
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      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">“We’re going to be there for you,” Mr. Trump promised to a room that included the leaders of \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Amazon\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Almost 100 companies, including \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", urged \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    the Ninth Circuit\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " to continue to block the order, saying it “harms the competitiveness of U. S. companies. ” </div></span>"
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">The brief, which was signed by an unusually broad coalition of large and small tech companies that included \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Tesla\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Uber\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Intel\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", said Mr. Trump’s order “violates the immigration laws and the Constitution. ” </div></span>"
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       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Overnight, 97 companies  —   most of them technology firms, including \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "  —   filed a legal brief arguing that the ban is unconstitutional and harms the interests of American businesses. </div></span>"
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       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">Almost 100 \n",
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       "    U. S.\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " companies  —   including \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "  —   filed a legal brief arguing that the order is unconstitutional. </div></span>"
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       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s   app \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    OneNote\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", along with \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s Notes app, can easily import \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Evernote\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " records. </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<span class=\"tex2jax_ignore\"><div class=\"entities\" style=\"line-height: 2.5; direction: ltr\">All my calendar data was already stored online and \n",
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       "    Apple\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       "’s app supports calendars from multiple online services including \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Google\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ", \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Microsoft\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       " and \n",
       "<mark class=\"entity\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA); padding: 0.45em 0.6em; margin: 0 0.25em; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em;\">\n",
       "    Facebook\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; border-radius: 0.35em; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.5rem\">ORG</span>\n",
       "</mark>\n",
       ". </div></span>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def visualize_type(sents, entity, ent_type):\n",
    "    colors = {\"ORG\": \"linear-gradient(90deg, #64B5F6, #E0F7FA)\"}\n",
    "    options = {\"ents\": [\"ORG\"], \"colors\": colors}\n",
    "    for sent in sents:\n",
    "        displacy.render(sent, style=\"ent\", options=options)\n",
    "                \n",
    "visualize_type(output_sentences, \"Apple\", \"ORG\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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