Added Exercism Solutions

Exercism/acronym/README.md

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+# Acronym
+
+Convert a phrase to its acronym.
+
+Techies love their TLA (Three Letter Acronyms)!
+
+Help generate some jargon by writing a program that converts a long name
+like Portable Network Graphics to its acronym (PNG).
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to raise an exception. When you do this, you should include a meaningful error message to
+indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. Not
+every exercise will require you to raise an exception, but for those that do, the tests will only pass if you include
+a message.
+
+To raise a message with an exception, just write it as an argument to the exception type. For example, instead of
+`raise Exception`, you shold write:
+
+```python
+raise Exception("Meaningful message indicating the source of the error")
+```
+
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Source
+
+Julien Vanier [https://github.com/monkbroc](https://github.com/monkbroc)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/acronym/acronym.py

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+def abbreviate(words):
+    special_seps = ["-"]
+    for sep in special_seps:
+        words = words.replace(sep, ' ')
+    return ''.join(word[0].upper() for word in words.split())

Exercism/all-your-base/README.md

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+# All Your Base
+
+Convert a number, represented as a sequence of digits in one base, to any other base.
+
+Implement general base conversion. Given a number in base **a**,
+represented as a sequence of digits, convert it to base **b**.
+
+## Note
+
+- Try to implement the conversion yourself.
+  Do not use something else to perform the conversion for you.
+
+## About [Positional Notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation)
+
+In positional notation, a number in base **b** can be understood as a linear
+combination of powers of **b**.
+
+The number 42, *in base 10*, means:
+
+(4 * 10^1) + (2 * 10^0)
+
+The number 101010, *in base 2*, means:
+
+(1 * 2^5) + (0 * 2^4) + (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (0 * 2^0)
+
+The number 1120, *in base 3*, means:
+
+(1 * 3^3) + (1 * 3^2) + (2 * 3^1) + (0 * 3^0)
+
+I think you got the idea!
+
+*Yes. Those three numbers above are exactly the same. Congratulations!*
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to raise an exception. When you do this, you should include a meaningful error message to
+indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. Not
+every exercise will require you to raise an exception, but for those that do, the tests will only pass if you include
+a message.
+
+To raise a message with an exception, just write it as an argument to the exception type. For example, instead of
+`raise Exception`, you should write:
+
+```python
+raise Exception("Meaningful message indicating the source of the error")
+```
+
+## Running the tests
+
+To run the tests, run the appropriate command below ([why they are different](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1629#issue-161422224)):
+
+- Python 2.7: `py.test all_your_base_test.py`
+- Python 3.3+: `pytest all_your_base_test.py`
+
+Alternatively, you can tell Python to run the pytest module (allowing the same command to be used regardless of Python version):
+`python -m pytest all_your_base_test.py`
+
+### Common `pytest` options
+
+- `-v` : enable verbose output
+- `-x` : stop running tests on first failure
+- `--ff` : run failures from previous test before running other test cases
+
+For other options, see `python -m pytest -h`
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `$EXERCISM_WORKSPACE/python/all-your-base` directory.
+
+You can find your Exercism workspace by running `exercism debug` and looking for the line that starts with `Workspace`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/all-your-base/all_your_base.py

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+def rebase(input, digits, output_base):
+    if input < 2 or output_base < 2:
+        raise ValueError("invalid base")
+    if any(d >= input or d < 0 for d in digits):
+        raise ValueError("invalid digit")
+    value = 0
+    for i, digit in enumerate(digits):
+        value += digit * input ** (len(digits) - i - 1)
+    if not value:
+        return []
+    rebased = []
+    while True:
+        div, mod = divmod(value, output_base)
+        rebased.append(mod)
+        if div == 0:
+            break
+        value = div
+    return list(reversed(rebased))

Exercism/allergies/README.md

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+# Allergies
+
+Given a person's allergy score, determine whether or not they're allergic to a given item, and their full list of allergies.
+
+An allergy test produces a single numeric score which contains the
+information about all the allergies the person has (that they were
+tested for).
+
+The list of items (and their value) that were tested are:
+
+* eggs (1)
+* peanuts (2)
+* shellfish (4)
+* strawberries (8)
+* tomatoes (16)
+* chocolate (32)
+* pollen (64)
+* cats (128)
+
+So if Tom is allergic to peanuts and chocolate, he gets a score of 34.
+
+Now, given just that score of 34, your program should be able to say:
+
+- Whether Tom is allergic to any one of those allergens listed above.
+- All the allergens Tom is allergic to.
+
+Note: a given score may include allergens **not** listed above (i.e.
+allergens that score 256, 512, 1024, etc.).  Your program should
+ignore those components of the score.  For example, if the allergy
+score is 257, your program should only report the eggs (1) allergy.
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to raise an exception. When you do this, you should include a meaningful error message to
+indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. Not
+every exercise will require you to raise an exception, but for those that do, the tests will only pass if you include
+a message.
+
+To raise a message with an exception, just write it as an argument to the exception type. For example, instead of
+`raise Exception`, you shold write:
+
+```python
+raise Exception("Meaningful message indicating the source of the error")
+```
+
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Source
+
+Jumpstart Lab Warm-up [http://jumpstartlab.com](http://jumpstartlab.com)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/allergies/allergies.py

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+class Allergies(object):
+    SOURCES = [
+        'eggs', 'peanuts', 'shellfish', 'strawberries',
+        'tomatoes', 'chocolate', 'pollen', 'cats',
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, score):
+        self.score = score % 256
+
+    def is_allergic_to(self, item):
+        return item in self.lst
+
+    @property
+    def lst(self):
+        return [self.SOURCES[i] for i, ch in enumerate(reversed(str(bin(self.score))[2:])) if ch == '1']

Exercism/alphametics/README.md

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+# Alphametics
+
+Write a function to solve alphametics puzzles.
+
+[Alphametics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphametics) is a puzzle where
+letters in words are replaced with numbers.
+
+For example `SEND + MORE = MONEY`:
+
+```text
+  S E N D
+  M O R E +
+-----------
+M O N E Y
+```
+
+Replacing these with valid numbers gives:
+
+```text
+  9 5 6 7
+  1 0 8 5 +
+-----------
+1 0 6 5 2
+```
+
+This is correct because every letter is replaced by a different number and the
+words, translated into numbers, then make a valid sum.
+
+Each letter must represent a different digit, and the leading digit of
+a multi-digit number must not be zero.
+
+Write a function to solve alphametics puzzles.
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to raise an exception. When you do this, you should include a meaningful error message to
+indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. Not
+every exercise will require you to raise an exception, but for those that do, the tests will only pass if you include
+a message.
+
+To raise a message with an exception, just write it as an argument to the exception type. For example, instead of
+`raise Exception`, you should write:
+
+```python
+raise Exception("Meaningful message indicating the source of the error")
+```
+
+## Running the tests
+
+To run the tests, run the appropriate command below ([why they are different](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1629#issue-161422224)):
+
+- Python 2.7: `py.test alphametics_test.py`
+- Python 3.3+: `pytest alphametics_test.py`
+
+Alternatively, you can tell Python to run the pytest module (allowing the same command to be used regardless of Python version):
+`python -m pytest alphametics_test.py`
+
+### Common `pytest` options
+
+- `-v` : enable verbose output
+- `-x` : stop running tests on first failure
+- `--ff` : run failures from previous test before running other test cases
+
+For other options, see `python -m pytest -h`
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `$EXERCISM_WORKSPACE/python/alphametics` directory.
+
+You can find your Exercism workspace by running `exercism debug` and looking for the line that starts with `Workspace`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/alphametics/alphametics.py

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+from itertools import combinations, permutations
+
+def get_value(v, mapper):
+    return sum(mapper[b] * 10 ** (len(v) - i - 1) for i, b in enumerate(v))
+
+def solve(puzzle):
+    body, result = puzzle.split("==")
+    result = result.strip()
+    body = [i.strip() for i in body.split("+")]
+    chars = list({ch for b in body for ch in b} | set(result))
+    non_zero = set(n[0] for n in body + [result])
+    mapper = {}
+
+    for numbers in combinations(range(10), len(chars)):
+        for c in permutations(chars):
+            mapper = {c[i]: n for i, n in enumerate(numbers)}
+            if any(mapper[n] == 0 for n in non_zero):
+                continue
+            lhs = sum(get_value(b, mapper) for b in body)
+            rhs = get_value(result, mapper)
+            if lhs == rhs:
+                return mapper
+    return {}

Exercism/anagram/README.md

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+# Anagram
+
+Given a word and a list of possible anagrams, select the correct sublist.
+
+Given `"listen"` and a list of candidates like `"enlists" "google"
+"inlets" "banana"` the program should return a list containing
+`"inlets"`.
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to raise an exception. When you do this, you should include a meaningful error message to
+indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. Not
+every exercise will require you to raise an exception, but for those that do, the tests will only pass if you include
+a message.
+
+To raise a message with an exception, just write it as an argument to the exception type. For example, instead of
+`raise Exception`, you shold write:
+
+```python
+raise Exception("Meaningful message indicating the source of the error")
+```
+
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Source
+
+Inspired by the Extreme Startup game [https://github.com/rchatley/extreme_startup](https://github.com/rchatley/extreme_startup)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/anagram/anagram.py

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+def detect_anagrams(word, candidates):
+    valid = lambda x: sorted(x) == sorted(word.lower()) and x != word.lower()
+    return [c for c in candidates if valid(c.lower())]

Exercism/armstrong-numbers/README.md

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+# Armstrong Numbers
+
+An [Armstrong number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_number) is a number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to the power of the number of digits.
+
+For example:
+
+- 9 is an Armstrong number, because `9 = 9^1 = 9`
+- 10 is *not* an Armstrong number, because `10 != 1^2 + 0^2 = 2`
+- 153 is an Armstrong number, because: `153 = 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153`
+- 154 is *not* an Armstrong number, because: `154 != 1^3 + 5^3 + 4^3 = 1 + 125 + 64 = 190`
+
+Write some code to determine whether a number is an Armstrong number.
+
+## Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
+
+For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
+please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
+## Source
+
+Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_number)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

Exercism/armstrong-numbers/armstrong_numbers.py

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+def is_armstrong(number):
+    return sum(int(ch) ** len(str(number)) for ch in str(number)) == number