Add a change detection bypass and manual control over change ticks (#5635)

# Objective

- Our existing change detection API is not flexible enough for advanced users: particularly those attempting to do rollback networking.
- This is an important use case, and with adequate warnings we can make mucking about with change ticks scary enough that users generally won't do it.
- Fixes #5633.
- Closes #2363.

## Changelog

- added `ChangeDetection::set_last_changed` to manually mutate the `last_change_ticks` field"
- the `ChangeDetection` trait now requires an `Inner` associated type, which contains the value being wrapped.
- added `ChangeDetection::bypass_change_detection`, which hands out a raw `&mut Inner`

## Migration Guide

Add the `Inner` associated type and new methods to any type that you've implemented `DetectChanges` for.

Author: alice-i-cecile

crates/bevy_ecs/src/change_detection.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ pub const MAX_CHANGE_AGE: u32 = u32::MAX - (2 * CHECK_TICK_THRESHOLD - 1);
 /// ```
 ///
 pub trait DetectChanges {
+    /// The type contained within this smart pointer
+    ///
+    /// For example, for `Res<T>` this would be `T`.
+    type Inner;
+
     /// Returns `true` if this value was added after the system last ran.
     fn is_added(&self) -> bool;
 
@@ -57,19 +62,37 @@ pub trait DetectChanges {
     /// **Note**: This operation cannot be undone.
     fn set_changed(&mut self);
 
-    /// Returns the change tick recording the previous time this component (or resource) was changed.
+    /// Returns the change tick recording the previous time this data was changed.
     ///
     /// Note that components and resources are also marked as changed upon insertion.
     ///
     /// For comparison, the previous change tick of a system can be read using the
     /// [`SystemChangeTick`](crate::system::SystemChangeTick)
     /// [`SystemParam`](crate::system::SystemParam).
     fn last_changed(&self) -> u32;
+
+    /// Manually sets the change tick recording the previous time this data was mutated.
+    ///
+    /// # Warning
+    /// This is a complex and error-prone operation, primarily intended for use with rollback networking strategies.
+    /// If you merely want to flag this data as changed, use [`set_changed`](DetectChanges::set_changed) instead.
+    /// If you want to avoid triggering change detection, use [`bypass_change_detection`](DetectChanges::bypass_change_detection) instead.
+    fn set_last_changed(&mut self, last_change_tick: u32);
+
+    /// Manually bypasses change detection, allowing you to mutate the underlying value without updating the change tick.
+    ///
+    /// # Warning
+    /// This is a risky operation, that can have unexpected consequences on any system relying on this code.
+    /// However, it can be an essential escape hatch when, for example,
+    /// you are trying to synchronize representations using change detection and need to avoid infinite recursion.
+    fn bypass_change_detection(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Inner;
 }
 
 macro_rules! change_detection_impl {
     ($name:ident < $( $generics:tt ),+ >, $target:ty, $($traits:ident)?) => {
         impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> DetectChanges for $name<$($generics),*> {
+            type Inner = $target;
+
             #[inline]
             fn is_added(&self) -> bool {
                 self.ticks
@@ -95,6 +118,16 @@ macro_rules! change_detection_impl {
             fn last_changed(&self) -> u32 {
                 self.ticks.last_change_tick
             }
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn set_last_changed(&mut self, last_change_tick: u32) {
+                self.ticks.last_change_tick = last_change_tick
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn bypass_change_detection(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Inner {
+                self.value
+            }
         }
 
         impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> Deref for $name<$($generics),*> {
@@ -255,33 +288,50 @@ impl<'a> MutUntyped<'a> {
     /// Returns the pointer to the value, without marking it as changed.
     ///
     /// In order to mark the value as changed, you need to call [`set_changed`](DetectChanges::set_changed) manually.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> PtrMut<'a> {
         self.value
     }
 }
 
-impl DetectChanges for MutUntyped<'_> {
+impl<'a> DetectChanges for MutUntyped<'a> {
+    type Inner = PtrMut<'a>;
+
+    #[inline]
     fn is_added(&self) -> bool {
         self.ticks
             .component_ticks
             .is_added(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn is_changed(&self) -> bool {
         self.ticks
             .component_ticks
             .is_changed(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn set_changed(&mut self) {
         self.ticks
             .component_ticks
             .set_changed(self.ticks.change_tick);
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn last_changed(&self) -> u32 {
         self.ticks.last_change_tick
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_last_changed(&mut self, last_change_tick: u32) {
+        self.ticks.last_change_tick = last_change_tick;
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn bypass_change_detection(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Inner {
+        &mut self.value
+    }
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for MutUntyped<'_> {